diff --git a/proto/backend.proto b/proto/backend.proto
index 9170f237c..649fbea93 100644
--- a/proto/backend.proto
+++ b/proto/backend.proto
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ message BackendInput {
         AddOrUpdateNotetypeIn add_or_update_notetype = 57;
         Empty get_all_decks = 58;
         Empty check_database = 59;
-        Empty all_stock_notetypes = 60;
+        StockNoteType get_stock_notetype_legacy = 60;
         int64 get_notetype_legacy = 61;
         Empty get_notetype_names = 62;
         Empty get_notetype_names_and_counts = 63;
@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ message BackendOutput {
         string studied_today = 32;
         string congrats_learn_msg = 33;
         Empty abort_media_sync = 46;
-        AllStockNotetypesOut all_stock_notetypes = 60;
         ClozeNumbersInNoteOut cloze_numbers_in_note = 87;
 
         // fallible commands
@@ -177,6 +176,7 @@ message BackendOutput {
         Preferences get_preferences = 84;
         Empty set_preferences = 85;
         RenderCardOut render_existing_card = 86;
+        bytes get_stock_notetype_legacy = 60;
 
         BackendError error = 2047;
     }
@@ -587,10 +587,6 @@ enum StockNoteType {
     StockNoteTypeCloze = 4;
 }
 
-message AllStockNotetypesOut {
-    repeated NoteType notetypes = 1;
-}
-
 message NoteTypeNames {
     repeated NoteTypeNameID entries = 1;
 }
diff --git a/pylib/anki/rsbackend.py b/pylib/anki/rsbackend.py
index abaaf9ca9..1ef8b2ee3 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/rsbackend.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/rsbackend.py
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ BackendNote = pb.Note
 TagUsnTuple = pb.TagUsnTuple
 NoteType = pb.NoteType
 DeckTreeNode = pb.DeckTreeNode
+StockNoteType = pb.StockNoteType
 
 try:
     import orjson
@@ -602,12 +603,11 @@ class RustBackend:
         ).get_all_decks
         return orjson.loads(jstr)
 
-    def all_stock_notetypes(self) -> List[NoteType]:
-        return list(
-            self._run_command(
-                pb.BackendInput(all_stock_notetypes=pb.Empty())
-            ).all_stock_notetypes.notetypes
-        )
+    def get_stock_notetype_legacy(self, kind: StockNoteType) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        bytes = self._run_command(
+            pb.BackendInput(get_stock_notetype_legacy=kind)
+        ).get_stock_notetype_legacy
+        return orjson.loads(bytes)
 
     def get_notetype_names_and_ids(self) -> List[pb.NoteTypeNameID]:
         return list(
diff --git a/pylib/anki/stdmodels.py b/pylib/anki/stdmodels.py
index 0e6985744..4dd3dcb48 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/stdmodels.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/stdmodels.py
@@ -1,125 +1,62 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
 
-from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Callable, List, Tuple
 
 from anki.collection import _Collection
-from anki.consts import MODEL_CLOZE
-from anki.lang import _
 from anki.models import NoteType
+from anki.rsbackend import StockNoteType
 
-models: List[Tuple[Union[Callable[[], str], str], Callable[[Any], NoteType]]] = []
-
-# Basic
-##########################################################################
+# add-on authors can add ("note type name", function_like_addBasicModel)
+# to this list to have it shown in the add/clone note type screen
+models: List[Tuple] = []
 
 
-def _newBasicModel(col: _Collection, name: Optional[str] = None) -> NoteType:
-    mm = col.models
-    m = mm.new(name or _("Basic"))
-    fm = mm.newField(_("Front"))
-    mm.addField(m, fm)
-    fm = mm.newField(_("Back"))
-    mm.addField(m, fm)
-    t = mm.newTemplate(_("Card 1"))
-    t["qfmt"] = "{{" + _("Front") + "}}"
-    t["afmt"] = "{{FrontSide}}\n\n<hr id=answer>\n\n" + "{{" + _("Back") + "}}"
-    mm.addTemplate(m, t)
+def add_stock_notetype(col: _Collection, kind: StockNoteType) -> NoteType:
+    m = col.backend.get_stock_notetype_legacy(kind)
+    col.models.add(m)
     return m
 
 
 def addBasicModel(col: _Collection) -> NoteType:
-    m = _newBasicModel(col)
-    col.models.add(m)
-    return m
-
-
-models.append((lambda: _("Basic"), addBasicModel))
-
-# Basic w/ typing
-##########################################################################
+    return add_stock_notetype(col, StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeBasic)
 
 
 def addBasicTypingModel(col: _Collection) -> NoteType:
-    mm = col.models
-    m = _newBasicModel(col, _("Basic (type in the answer)"))
-    t = m["tmpls"][0]
-    t["qfmt"] = "{{" + _("Front") + "}}\n\n{{type:" + _("Back") + "}}"
-    t["afmt"] = "{{" + _("Front") + "}}\n\n<hr id=answer>\n\n{{type:" + _("Back") + "}}"
-    mm.add(m)
-    return m
-
-
-models.append((lambda: _("Basic (type in the answer)"), addBasicTypingModel))
-
-# Forward & Reverse
-##########################################################################
-
-
-def _newForwardReverse(col: _Collection, name: Optional[str] = None) -> NoteType:
-    mm = col.models
-    m = _newBasicModel(col, name or _("Basic (and reversed card)"))
-    t = mm.newTemplate(_("Card 2"))
-    t["qfmt"] = "{{" + _("Back") + "}}"
-    t["afmt"] = "{{FrontSide}}\n\n<hr id=answer>\n\n" + "{{" + _("Front") + "}}"
-    mm.addTemplate(m, t)
-    return m
+    return add_stock_notetype(col, StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeBasicTyping)
 
 
 def addForwardReverse(col: _Collection) -> NoteType:
-    m = _newForwardReverse(col)
-    col.models.add(m)
-    return m
-
-
-models.append((lambda: _("Basic (and reversed card)"), addForwardReverse))
-
-# Forward & Optional Reverse
-##########################################################################
+    return add_stock_notetype(col, StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeBasicAndReversed)
 
 
 def addForwardOptionalReverse(col: _Collection) -> NoteType:
-    mm = col.models
-    m = _newForwardReverse(col, _("Basic (optional reversed card)"))
-    av = _("Add Reverse")
-    fm = mm.newField(av)
-    mm.addField(m, fm)
-    t = m["tmpls"][1]
-    t["qfmt"] = "{{#%s}}%s{{/%s}}" % (av, t["qfmt"], av)
-    mm.add(m)
-    return m
-
-
-models.append((lambda: _("Basic (optional reversed card)"), addForwardOptionalReverse))
-
-# Cloze
-##########################################################################
+    return add_stock_notetype(col, StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeBasicOptionalReversed)
 
 
 def addClozeModel(col: _Collection) -> NoteType:
-    mm = col.models
-    m = mm.new(_("Cloze"))
-    m["type"] = MODEL_CLOZE
-    txt = _("Text")
-    fm = mm.newField(txt)
-    mm.addField(m, fm)
-    t = mm.newTemplate(_("Cloze"))
-    fmt = "{{cloze:%s}}" % txt
-    m[
-        "css"
-    ] += """
-.cloze {
- font-weight: bold;
- color: blue;
-}
-.nightMode .cloze {
- color: lightblue;
-}"""
-    t["qfmt"] = fmt
-    t["afmt"] = fmt
-    mm.addTemplate(m, t)
-    mm.add(m)
-    return m
+    return add_stock_notetype(col, StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeCloze)
 
 
-models.append((lambda: _("Cloze"), addClozeModel))
+def get_stock_notetypes(
+    col: _Collection,
+) -> List[Tuple[str, Callable[[_Collection], NoteType]]]:
+    out: List[Tuple[str, Callable[[_Collection], NoteType]]] = []
+    # add standard
+    for (kind, func) in [
+        (StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeBasic, addBasicModel),
+        (StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeBasicTyping, addBasicTypingModel),
+        (StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeBasicAndReversed, addForwardReverse),
+        (StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeBasicOptionalReversed, addForwardOptionalReverse),
+        (StockNoteType.StockNoteTypeCloze, addClozeModel),
+    ]:
+        m = col.backend.get_stock_notetype_legacy(kind)
+        out.append((m["name"], func))
+    # add extras from add-ons
+    for (name_or_func, func) in models:
+        if not isinstance(name_or_func, str):
+            name = name_or_func()
+        else:
+            name = name_or_func
+        out.append((name, func))
+    return out
diff --git a/pylib/tests/test_collection.py b/pylib/tests/test_collection.py
index b98ca7b50..e0915db1e 100644
--- a/pylib/tests/test_collection.py
+++ b/pylib/tests/test_collection.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from anki import Collection as aopen
 from anki.dbproxy import emulate_named_args
 from anki.lang import without_unicode_isolation
 from anki.rsbackend import TR
-from anki.stdmodels import addBasicModel, models
+from anki.stdmodels import addBasicModel, get_stock_notetypes
 from anki.utils import isWin
 from tests.shared import assertException, getEmptyCol
 
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ def test_addDelTags():
 
 def test_timestamps():
     deck = getEmptyCol()
-    assert len(deck.models.all_names_and_ids()) == len(models)
+    assert len(deck.models.all_names_and_ids()) == len(get_stock_notetypes(deck))
     for i in range(100):
         addBasicModel(deck)
-    assert len(deck.models.all_names_and_ids()) == 100 + len(models)
+    assert len(deck.models.all_names_and_ids()) == 100 + len(get_stock_notetypes(deck))
 
 
 def test_furigana():
diff --git a/qt/aqt/models.py b/qt/aqt/models.py
index f901da8f0..4a903d816 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/models.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/models.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
 
-import collections
 from operator import itemgetter
 from typing import List, Optional
 
@@ -196,9 +195,7 @@ class AddModel(QDialog):
         self.dialog.setupUi(self)
         # standard models
         self.models = []
-        for (name, func) in stdmodels.models:
-            if isinstance(name, collections.Callable):  # type: ignore
-                name = name()  # type: ignore
+        for (name, func) in stdmodels.get_stock_notetypes(self.col):
             item = QListWidgetItem(_("Add: %s") % name)
             self.dialog.models.addItem(item)
             self.models.append((True, func))
diff --git a/rslib/src/backend/mod.rs b/rslib/src/backend/mod.rs
index 8103148ae..e53e8cd31 100644
--- a/rslib/src/backend/mod.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/backend/mod.rs
@@ -308,12 +308,9 @@ impl Backend {
                 OValue::GetChangedNotetypes(self.get_changed_notetypes()?)
             }
             Value::GetAllDecks(_) => OValue::GetAllDecks(self.get_all_decks()?),
-            Value::AllStockNotetypes(_) => OValue::AllStockNotetypes(pb::AllStockNotetypesOut {
-                notetypes: all_stock_notetypes(&self.i18n)
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(Into::into)
-                    .collect(),
-            }),
+            Value::GetStockNotetypeLegacy(kind) => {
+                OValue::GetStockNotetypeLegacy(self.get_stock_notetype_legacy(kind)?)
+            }
             Value::GetNotetypeLegacy(id) => {
                 OValue::GetNotetypeLegacy(self.get_notetype_legacy(id)?)
             }
@@ -1151,6 +1148,15 @@ impl Backend {
             numbers: set.into_iter().map(|n| n as u32).collect(),
         }
     }
+
+    fn get_stock_notetype_legacy(&self, kind: i32) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        // fixme: use individual functions instead of full vec
+        let mut all = all_stock_notetypes(&self.i18n);
+        let idx = (kind as usize).min(all.len() - 1);
+        let nt = all.swap_remove(idx);
+        let schema11: NoteTypeSchema11 = nt.into();
+        serde_json::to_vec(&schema11).map_err(Into::into)
+    }
 }
 
 fn to_nids(ids: Vec<i64>) -> Vec<NoteID> {