diff --git a/qt/aqt/about.py b/qt/aqt/about.py
index c73de49b4..5fa4ded54 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/about.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/about.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from anki.lang import _
 from anki.utils import versionWithBuild
 from aqt.addons import AddonManager, AddonMeta
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import supportText, tooltip
+from aqt.utils import TR, supportText, tooltip, tr
 
 
 class ClosableQDialog(QDialog):
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ def show(mw):
 """
         info = "    " + "    ".join(info.splitlines(True))
         QApplication.clipboard().setText(info)
-        tooltip(_("Copied to clipboard"), parent=dialog)
+        tooltip(tr(TR.ABOUT_COPIED_TO_CLIPBOARD), parent=dialog)
 
-    btn = QPushButton(_("Copy Debug Info"))
+    btn = QPushButton(tr(TR.ABOUT_COPY_DEBUG_INFO))
     qconnect(btn.clicked, onCopy)
     abt.buttonBox.addButton(btn, QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
     abt.buttonBox.button(QDialogButtonBox.Ok).setFocus()
@@ -101,13 +101,13 @@ system. It's free and open source."
         "Anki is licensed under the AGPL3 license. Please see "
         "the license file in the source distribution for more information."
     )
-    abouttext += "<p>" + _("Version %s") % versionWithBuild() + "<br>"
+    abouttext += "<p>" + tr(TR.ABOUT_VERSION, val="%s") % versionWithBuild() + "<br>"
     abouttext += ("Python %s Qt %s PyQt %s<br>") % (
         platform.python_version(),
         QT_VERSION_STR,
         PYQT_VERSION_STR,
     )
-    abouttext += (_("<a href='%s'>Visit website</a>") % aqt.appWebsite) + "</span>"
+    abouttext += (tr(TR.ABOUT_VISIT_WEBSITE, val="%s") % aqt.appWebsite) + "</span>"
 
     # automatically sorted; add new lines at the end
     allusers = sorted(
diff --git a/qt/aqt/addcards.py b/qt/aqt/addcards.py
index 127a2898e..b4a67cfa9 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/addcards.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/addcards.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from aqt.main import ResetReason
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.sound import av_player
 from aqt.utils import (
+    TR,
     addCloseShortcut,
     askUser,
     downArrow,
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ from aqt.utils import (
     shortcut,
     showWarning,
     tooltip,
+    tr,
 )
 
 
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
         self.mw = mw
         self.form = aqt.forms.addcards.Ui_Dialog()
         self.form.setupUi(self)
-        self.setWindowTitle(_("Add"))
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr(TR.ACTIONS_ADD))
         self.setMinimumHeight(300)
         self.setMinimumWidth(400)
         self.setupChoosers()
@@ -67,26 +69,26 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
         bb = self.form.buttonBox
         ar = QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole
         # add
-        self.addButton = bb.addButton(_("Add"), ar)
+        self.addButton = bb.addButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_ADD), ar)
         qconnect(self.addButton.clicked, self.addCards)
         self.addButton.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Ctrl+Return"))
-        self.addButton.setToolTip(shortcut(_("Add (shortcut: ctrl+enter)")))
+        self.addButton.setToolTip(shortcut(tr(TR.ADDING_ADD_SHORTCUT_CTRLANDENTER)))
         # close
-        self.closeButton = QPushButton(_("Close"))
+        self.closeButton = QPushButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_CLOSE))
         self.closeButton.setAutoDefault(False)
         bb.addButton(self.closeButton, QDialogButtonBox.RejectRole)
         # help
-        self.helpButton = QPushButton(_("Help"), clicked=self.helpRequested)  # type: ignore
+        self.helpButton = QPushButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_HELP), clicked=self.helpRequested)  # type: ignore
         self.helpButton.setAutoDefault(False)
         bb.addButton(self.helpButton, QDialogButtonBox.HelpRole)
         # history
-        b = bb.addButton(_("History") + " " + downArrow(), ar)
+        b = bb.addButton(tr(TR.ADDING_HISTORY) + " " + downArrow(), ar)
         if isMac:
             sc = "Ctrl+Shift+H"
         else:
             sc = "Ctrl+H"
         b.setShortcut(QKeySequence(sc))
-        b.setToolTip(_("Shortcut: %s") % shortcut(sc))
+        b.setToolTip(tr(TR.ADDING_SHORTCUT, val="%s") % shortcut(sc))
         qconnect(b.clicked, self.onHistory)
         b.setEnabled(False)
         self.historyButton = b
@@ -151,7 +153,7 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
                 a = m.addAction(line)
                 qconnect(a.triggered, lambda b, nid=nid: self.editHistory(nid))
             else:
-                a = m.addAction(_("(Note deleted)"))
+                a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ADDING_NOTE_DELETED))
                 a.setEnabled(False)
         gui_hooks.add_cards_will_show_history_menu(self, m)
         m.exec_(self.historyButton.mapToGlobal(QPoint(0, 0)))
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
         ret = note.dupeOrEmpty()
         problem = None
         if ret == 1:
-            problem = _("The first field is empty.")
+            problem = tr(TR.ADDING_THE_FIRST_FIELD_IS_EMPTY)
         problem = gui_hooks.add_cards_will_add_note(problem, note)
         if problem is not None:
             showWarning(problem, help="AddItems#AddError")
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
         # workaround for PyQt focus bug
         self.editor.hideCompleters()
 
-        tooltip(_("Added"), period=500)
+        tooltip(tr(TR.ADDING_ADDED), period=500)
         av_player.stop_and_clear_queue()
         self.onReset(keep=True)
         self.mw.col.autosave()
@@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
     def ifCanClose(self, onOk: Callable) -> None:
         def afterSave():
             ok = self.editor.fieldsAreBlank(self.previousNote) or askUser(
-                _("Close and lose current input?"), defaultno=True
+                tr(TR.ADDING_CLOSE_AND_LOSE_CURRENT_INPUT), defaultno=True
             )
             if ok:
                 onOk()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/addons.py b/qt/aqt/addons.py
index c36b1d8f4..e6c8adae9 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/addons.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/addons.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
@@ -310,7 +309,7 @@ and have been disabled: %(found)s"
         meta = self.addon_meta(dir)
         name = meta.human_name()
         if not meta.enabled:
-            name += _(" (disabled)")
+            name += tr(TR.ADDONS_DISABLED)
         return name
 
     # Conflict resolution
@@ -423,10 +422,7 @@ and have been disabled: %(found)s"
             return True
         except OSError as e:
             showWarning(
-                _(
-                    "Unable to update or delete add-on. Please start Anki while holding down the shift key to temporarily disable add-ons, then try again.\n\nDebug info: %s"
-                )
-                % e,
+                tr(TR.ADDONS_UNABLE_TO_UPDATE_OR_DELETE_ADDON, val="%s") % e,
                 textFormat="plain",
             )
             return False
@@ -468,16 +464,16 @@ and have been disabled: %(found)s"
     ) -> List[str]:
 
         messages = {
-            "zip": _("Corrupt add-on file."),
-            "manifest": _("Invalid add-on manifest."),
+            "zip": tr(TR.ADDONS_CORRUPT_ADDON_FILE),
+            "manifest": tr(TR.ADDONS_INVALID_ADDON_MANIFEST),
         }
 
         msg = messages.get(result.errmsg, _("Unknown error: {}".format(result.errmsg)))
 
         if mode == "download":  # preserve old format strings for i18n
-            template = _("Error downloading <i>%(id)s</i>: %(error)s")
+            template = tr(TR.ADDONS_ERROR_DOWNLOADING_IDS_ERRORS)
         else:
-            template = _("Error installing <i>%(base)s</i>: %(error)s")
+            template = tr(TR.ADDONS_ERROR_INSTALLING_BASES_ERRORS)
 
         name = base
 
@@ -488,24 +484,22 @@ and have been disabled: %(found)s"
     ) -> List[str]:
 
         if mode == "download":  # preserve old format strings for i18n
-            template = _("Downloaded %(fname)s")
+            template = tr(TR.ADDONS_DOWNLOADED_FNAMES)
         else:
-            template = _("Installed %(name)s")
+            template = tr(TR.ADDONS_INSTALLED_NAMES)
 
         name = result.name or base
         strings = [template % dict(name=name, fname=name)]
 
         if result.conflicts:
             strings.append(
-                _("The following conflicting add-ons were disabled:")
+                tr(TR.ADDONS_THE_FOLLOWING_CONFLICTING_ADDONS_WERE_DISABLED)
                 + " "
                 + ", ".join(self.addonName(f) for f in result.conflicts)
             )
 
         if not result.compatible:
-            strings.append(
-                _("This add-on is not compatible with your version of Anki.")
-            )
+            strings.append(tr(TR.ADDONS_THIS_ADDON_IS_NOT_COMPATIBLE_WITH))
 
         return strings
 
@@ -743,9 +737,13 @@ class AddonsDialog(QDialog):
         name = addon.human_name()
 
         if not addon.enabled:
-            return name + " " + _("(disabled)")
+            return name + " " + tr(TR.ADDONS_DISABLED2)
         elif not addon.compatible():
-            return name + " " + _("(requires %s)") % self.compatible_string(addon)
+            return (
+                name
+                + " "
+                + tr(TR.ADDONS_REQUIRES, val="%s") % self.compatible_string(addon)
+            )
 
         return name
 
@@ -804,7 +802,7 @@ class AddonsDialog(QDialog):
     def onlyOneSelected(self) -> Optional[str]:
         dirs = self.selectedAddons()
         if len(dirs) != 1:
-            showInfo(_("Please select a single add-on first."))
+            showInfo(tr(TR.ADDONS_PLEASE_SELECT_A_SINGLE_ADDON_FIRST))
             return None
         return dirs[0]
 
@@ -820,7 +818,7 @@ class AddonsDialog(QDialog):
         if re.match(r"^\d+$", addon):
             openLink(aqt.appShared + "info/{}".format(addon))
         else:
-            showWarning(_("Add-on was not downloaded from AnkiWeb."))
+            showWarning(tr(TR.ADDONS_ADDON_WAS_NOT_DOWNLOADED_FROM_ANKIWEB))
 
     def onViewFiles(self) -> None:
         # if nothing selected, open top level folder
@@ -865,13 +863,13 @@ class AddonsDialog(QDialog):
         if log:
             show_log_to_user(self, log)
         else:
-            tooltip(_("No updates available."))
+            tooltip(tr(TR.ADDONS_NO_UPDATES_AVAILABLE))
 
     def onInstallFiles(self, paths: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> Optional[bool]:
         if not paths:
-            key = _("Packaged Anki Add-on") + " (*{})".format(self.mgr.ext)
+            key = tr(TR.ADDONS_PACKAGED_ANKI_ADDON) + " (*{})".format(self.mgr.ext)
             paths = getFile(
-                self, _("Install Add-on(s)"), None, key, key="addons", multi=True
+                self, tr(TR.ADDONS_INSTALL_ADDONS), None, key, key="addons", multi=True
             )
             if not paths:
                 return False
@@ -882,7 +880,7 @@ class AddonsDialog(QDialog):
         return None
 
     def check_for_updates(self) -> None:
-        tooltip(_("Checking..."))
+        tooltip(tr(TR.ADDONS_CHECKING))
         check_and_prompt_for_updates(self, self.mgr, self.after_downloading)
 
     def onConfig(self) -> None:
@@ -899,7 +897,7 @@ class AddonsDialog(QDialog):
 
         conf = self.mgr.getConfig(addon)
         if conf is None:
-            showInfo(_("Add-on has no configuration."))
+            showInfo(tr(TR.ADDONS_ADDON_HAS_NO_CONFIGURATION))
             return
 
         ConfigEditor(self, addon, conf)
@@ -919,7 +917,7 @@ class GetAddons(QDialog):
         self.form = aqt.forms.getaddons.Ui_Dialog()
         self.form.setupUi(self)
         b = self.form.buttonBox.addButton(
-            _("Browse Add-ons"), QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole
+            tr(TR.ADDONS_BROWSE_ADDONS), QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole
         )
         qconnect(b.clicked, self.onBrowse)
         restoreGeom(self, "getaddons", adjustSize=True)
@@ -934,7 +932,7 @@ class GetAddons(QDialog):
         try:
             ids = [int(n) for n in self.form.code.text().split()]
         except ValueError:
-            showWarning(_("Invalid code."))
+            showWarning(tr(TR.ADDONS_INVALID_CODE))
             return
 
         self.ids = ids
@@ -1007,21 +1005,22 @@ def describe_log_entry(id_and_entry: DownloadLogEntry) -> str:
     if isinstance(entry, DownloadError):
         if entry.status_code is not None:
             if entry.status_code in (403, 404):
-                buf += _(
-                    "Invalid code, or add-on not available for your version of Anki."
-                )
+                buf += tr(TR.ADDONS_INVALID_CODE_OR_ADDON_NOT_AVAILABLE)
             else:
-                buf += _("Unexpected response code: %s") % entry.status_code
+                buf += (
+                    tr(TR.QT_MISC_UNEXPECTED_RESPONSE_CODE, val="%s")
+                    % entry.status_code
+                )
         else:
             buf += (
-                _("Please check your internet connection.")
+                tr(TR.ADDONS_PLEASE_CHECK_YOUR_INTERNET_CONNECTION)
                 + "\n\n"
                 + str(entry.exception)
             )
     elif isinstance(entry, InstallError):
         buf += entry.errmsg
     else:
-        buf += _("Installed successfully.")
+        buf += tr(TR.ADDONS_INSTALLED_SUCCESSFULLY)
 
     return buf
 
@@ -1091,7 +1090,7 @@ class DownloaderInstaller(QObject):
             # and "%(kb)0.2f" is the number of downloaded
             # kilobytes. This lead for example to "Downloading 3/5
             # (27KB)"
-            label=_("Downloading %(a)d/%(b)d (%(kb)0.2fKB)...")
+            label=tr(TR.ADDONS_DOWNLOADING_ADBD_KB02FKB)
             % dict(a=len(self.log) + 1, b=len(self.ids), kb=self.dl_bytes / 1024)
         )
 
@@ -1110,9 +1109,9 @@ def show_log_to_user(parent: QWidget, log: List[DownloadLogEntry]) -> None:
     have_problem = download_encountered_problem(log)
 
     if have_problem:
-        text = _("One or more errors occurred:")
+        text = tr(TR.ADDONS_ONE_OR_MORE_ERRORS_OCCURRED)
     else:
-        text = _("Download complete. Please restart Anki to apply changes.")
+        text = tr(TR.ADDONS_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE_PLEASE_RESTART_ANKI_TO)
     text += "<br><br>" + download_log_to_html(log)
 
     if have_problem:
@@ -1265,7 +1264,7 @@ def prompt_to_update(
 ) -> None:
     names = map(lambda x: mgr.addonName(str(x)), ids)
     if not askUser(
-        _("The following add-ons have updates available. Install them now?")
+        tr(TR.ADDONS_THE_FOLLOWING_ADDONS_HAVE_UPDATES_AVAILABLE)
         + "\n\n"
         + "\n".join(names)
     ):
@@ -1307,7 +1306,7 @@ class ConfigEditor(QDialog):
     def onRestoreDefaults(self) -> None:
         default_conf = self.mgr.addonConfigDefaults(self.addon)
         self.updateText(default_conf)
-        tooltip(_("Restored defaults"), parent=self)
+        tooltip(tr(TR.ADDONS_RESTORED_DEFAULTS), parent=self)
 
     def setupFonts(self) -> None:
         font_mono = QFontDatabase.systemFont(QFontDatabase.FixedFont)
@@ -1373,11 +1372,11 @@ class ConfigEditor(QDialog):
             showInfo(msg)
             return
         except Exception as e:
-            showInfo(_("Invalid configuration: ") + repr(e))
+            showInfo(tr(TR.ADDONS_INVALID_CONFIGURATION) + repr(e))
             return
 
         if not isinstance(new_conf, dict):
-            showInfo(_("Invalid configuration: top level object must be a map"))
+            showInfo(tr(TR.ADDONS_INVALID_CONFIGURATION_TOP_LEVEL_OBJECT_MUST))
             return
 
         if new_conf != self.conf:
@@ -1417,7 +1416,7 @@ def installAddonPackages(
             not showInfo(
                 q,
                 parent=parent,
-                title=_("Install Anki add-on"),
+                title=tr(TR.ADDONS_INSTALL_ANKI_ADDON),
                 type="warning",
                 customBtns=[QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes],
             )
@@ -1430,9 +1429,7 @@ def installAddonPackages(
     if log:
         log_html = "<br>".join(log)
         if advise_restart:
-            log_html += "<br><br>" + _(
-                "<b>Please restart Anki to complete the installation.</b>"
-            )
+            log_html += "<br><br>" + tr(TR.ADDONS_PLEASE_RESTART_ANKI_TO_COMPLETE_THE)
         if len(log) == 1 and not strictly_modal:
             tooltip(log_html, parent=parent)
         else:
@@ -1440,15 +1437,15 @@ def installAddonPackages(
                 log_html,
                 parent=parent,
                 textFormat="rich",
-                title=_("Installation complete"),
+                title=tr(TR.ADDONS_INSTALLATION_COMPLETE),
             )
     if errs:
-        msg = _("Please report this to the respective add-on author(s).")
+        msg = tr(TR.ADDONS_PLEASE_REPORT_THIS_TO_THE_RESPECTIVE)
         showWarning(
             "<br><br>".join(errs + [msg]),
             parent=parent,
             textFormat="rich",
-            title=_("Add-on installation error"),
+            title=tr(TR.ADDONS_ADDON_INSTALLATION_ERROR),
         )
 
     return not errs
diff --git a/qt/aqt/browser.py b/qt/aqt/browser.py
index 5bdfc5e39..8f328e4a6 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/browser.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/browser.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import html
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.sidebar import NewSidebarTreeView, SidebarItemType, SidebarTreeViewBase
 from aqt.theme import theme_manager
 from aqt.utils import (
+    TR,
     MenuList,
     SubMenu,
     askUser,
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class DataModel(QAbstractTableModel):
                     break
             # give the user a hint an invalid column was added by an add-on
             if not txt:
-                txt = _("Add-on")
+                txt = tr(TR.BROWSING_ADDON)
             return txt
         else:
             return
@@ -331,13 +331,13 @@ class DataModel(QAbstractTableModel):
             return c.model()["name"]
         elif type == "cardIvl":
             if c.type == CARD_TYPE_NEW:
-                return _("(new)")
+                return tr(TR.BROWSING_NEW)
             elif c.type == CARD_TYPE_LRN:
-                return _("(learning)")
+                return tr(TR.BROWSING_LEARNING)
             return self.col.format_timespan(c.ivl * 86400)
         elif type == "cardEase":
             if c.type == CARD_TYPE_NEW:
-                return _("(new)")
+                return tr(TR.BROWSING_NEW)
             return "%d%%" % (c.factor / 10)
         elif type == "deck":
             if c.odid:
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class DataModel(QAbstractTableModel):
 
     def nextDue(self, c, index):
         if c.odid:
-            return _("(filtered)")
+            return tr(TR.BROWSING_FILTERED)
         elif c.queue == QUEUE_TYPE_LRN:
             date = c.due
         elif c.queue == QUEUE_TYPE_NEW or c.type == CARD_TYPE_NEW:
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ class Browser(QMainWindow):
         f = self.form
         qconnect(f.previewButton.clicked, self.onTogglePreview)
         f.previewButton.setToolTip(
-            _("Preview Selected Card (%s)") % shortcut("Ctrl+Shift+P")
+            tr(TR.BROWSING_PREVIEW_SELECTED_CARD, val="%s") % shortcut("Ctrl+Shift+P")
         )
         f.previewButton.setShortcut("Ctrl+Shift+P")
 
@@ -737,21 +737,21 @@ class Browser(QMainWindow):
 
     def setupColumns(self):
         self.columns = [
-            ("question", _("Question")),
-            ("answer", _("Answer")),
-            ("template", _("Card")),
-            ("deck", _("Deck")),
-            ("noteFld", _("Sort Field")),
-            ("noteCrt", _("Created")),
+            ("question", tr(TR.BROWSING_QUESTION)),
+            ("answer", tr(TR.BROWSING_ANSWER)),
+            ("template", tr(TR.BROWSING_CARD)),
+            ("deck", tr(TR.DECKS_DECK)),
+            ("noteFld", tr(TR.BROWSING_SORT_FIELD)),
+            ("noteCrt", tr(TR.BROWSING_CREATED)),
             ("noteMod", tr(TR.SEARCH_NOTE_MODIFIED)),
             ("cardMod", tr(TR.SEARCH_CARD_MODIFIED)),
             ("cardDue", tr(TR.STATISTICS_DUE_DATE)),
-            ("cardIvl", _("Interval")),
-            ("cardEase", _("Ease")),
-            ("cardReps", _("Reviews")),
-            ("cardLapses", _("Lapses")),
-            ("noteTags", _("Tags")),
-            ("note", _("Note")),
+            ("cardIvl", tr(TR.BROWSING_INTERVAL)),
+            ("cardEase", tr(TR.BROWSING_EASE)),
+            ("cardReps", tr(TR.SCHEDULING_REVIEWS)),
+            ("cardLapses", tr(TR.SCHEDULING_LAPSES)),
+            ("noteTags", tr(TR.EDITING_TAGS)),
+            ("note", tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTE)),
         ]
         self.columns.sort(key=itemgetter(1))
 
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ class Browser(QMainWindow):
         qconnect(self.form.searchButton.clicked, self.onSearchActivated)
         qconnect(self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().returnPressed, self.onSearchActivated)
         self.form.searchEdit.setCompleter(None)
-        self._searchPrompt = _("<type here to search; hit enter to show current deck>")
+        self._searchPrompt = tr(TR.BROWSING_TYPE_HERE_TO_SEARCH)
         self.form.searchEdit.addItems(
             [self._searchPrompt] + self.mw.pm.profile["searchHistory"]
         )
@@ -938,9 +938,7 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
         type = self.model.activeCols[idx]
         noSort = ("question", "answer")
         if type in noSort:
-            showInfo(
-                _("Sorting on this column is not supported. Please " "choose another.")
-            )
+            showInfo(tr(TR.BROWSING_SORTING_ON_THIS_COLUMN_IS_NOT))
             type = self.col.conf["sortType"]
         if self.col.conf["sortType"] != type:
             self.col.conf["sortType"] = type
@@ -994,7 +992,7 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
         if type in self.model.activeCols:
             if len(self.model.activeCols) < 2:
                 self.model.endReset()
-                return showInfo(_("You must have at least one column."))
+                return showInfo(tr(TR.BROWSING_YOU_MUST_HAVE_AT_LEAST_ONE))
             self.model.activeCols.remove(type)
             adding = False
         else:
@@ -1028,7 +1026,7 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
         pass
 
     def setupSidebar(self) -> None:
-        dw = self.sidebarDockWidget = QDockWidget(_("Sidebar"), self)
+        dw = self.sidebarDockWidget = QDockWidget(tr(TR.BROWSING_SIDEBAR), self)
         dw.setFeatures(QDockWidget.DockWidgetClosable)
         dw.setObjectName("Sidebar")
         dw.setAllowedAreas(Qt.LeftDockWidgetArea)
@@ -1105,14 +1103,14 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
 
     def _stdTree(self, root) -> None:
         item = SidebarItem(
-            _("Whole Collection"),
+            tr(TR.BROWSING_WHOLE_COLLECTION),
             ":/icons/collection.svg",
             self._filterFunc(""),
             item_type=SidebarItemType.COLLECTION,
         )
         root.addChild(item)
         item = SidebarItem(
-            _("Current Deck"),
+            tr(TR.BROWSING_CURRENT_DECK),
             ":/icons/deck.svg",
             self._filterFunc("deck:current"),
             item_type=SidebarItemType.CURRENT_DECK,
@@ -1252,41 +1250,44 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
 
     def _commonFilters(self):
         return self._simpleFilters(
-            ((_("Whole Collection"), ""), (_("Current Deck"), "deck:current"))
+            (
+                (tr(TR.BROWSING_WHOLE_COLLECTION), ""),
+                (tr(TR.BROWSING_CURRENT_DECK), "deck:current"),
+            )
         )
 
     def _todayFilters(self):
-        subm = SubMenu(_("Today"))
+        subm = SubMenu(tr(TR.BROWSING_TODAY))
         subm.addChild(
             self._simpleFilters(
                 (
-                    (_("Added Today"), "added:1"),
-                    (_("Studied Today"), "rated:1"),
-                    (_("Again Today"), "rated:1:1"),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_ADDED_TODAY), "added:1"),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_STUDIED_TODAY), "rated:1"),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_AGAIN_TODAY), "rated:1:1"),
                 )
             )
         )
         return subm
 
     def _cardStateFilters(self):
-        subm = SubMenu(_("Card State"))
+        subm = SubMenu(tr(TR.BROWSING_CARD_STATE))
         subm.addChild(
             self._simpleFilters(
                 (
-                    (_("New"), "is:new"),
-                    (_("Learning"), "is:learn"),
-                    (_("Review"), "is:review"),
+                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW), "is:new"),
+                    (tr(TR.SCHEDULING_LEARNING), "is:learn"),
+                    (tr(TR.SCHEDULING_REVIEW), "is:review"),
                     (tr(TR.FILTERING_IS_DUE), "is:due"),
                     None,
-                    (_("Suspended"), "is:suspended"),
-                    (_("Buried"), "is:buried"),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_SUSPENDED), "is:suspended"),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_BURIED), "is:buried"),
                     None,
-                    (_("Red Flag"), "flag:1"),
-                    (_("Orange Flag"), "flag:2"),
-                    (_("Green Flag"), "flag:3"),
-                    (_("Blue Flag"), "flag:4"),
-                    (_("No Flag"), "flag:0"),
-                    (_("Any Flag"), "-flag:0"),
+                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_RED_FLAG), "flag:1"),
+                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_ORANGE_FLAG), "flag:2"),
+                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_GREEN_FLAG), "flag:3"),
+                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_BLUE_FLAG), "flag:4"),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_NO_FLAG), "flag:0"),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_ANY_FLAG), "-flag:0"),
                 )
             )
         )
@@ -1296,9 +1297,9 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
         return label.replace("&", "&&")
 
     def _tagFilters(self):
-        m = SubMenu(_("Tags"))
+        m = SubMenu(tr(TR.EDITING_TAGS))
 
-        m.addItem(_("Clear Unused"), self.clearUnusedTags)
+        m.addItem(tr(TR.BROWSING_CLEAR_UNUSED), self.clearUnusedTags)
         m.addSeparator()
 
         tagList = MenuList()
@@ -1316,7 +1317,9 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
                 fullname = parent_prefix + node.name
                 if node.children:
                     subm = parent.addMenu(escaped_name)
-                    subm.addItem(_("Filter"), self._filterFunc("deck", fullname))
+                    subm.addItem(
+                        tr(TR.ACTIONS_FILTER), self._filterFunc("deck", fullname)
+                    )
                     subm.addSeparator()
                     addDecks(subm, node.children, fullname + "::")
                 else:
@@ -1326,15 +1329,15 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
         ml = MenuList()
         addDecks(ml, alldecks.children, "")
 
-        root = SubMenu(_("Decks"))
+        root = SubMenu(tr(TR.ACTIONS_DECKS))
         root.addChild(ml.chunked())
 
         return root
 
     def _noteTypeFilters(self):
-        m = SubMenu(_("Note Types"))
+        m = SubMenu(tr(TR.NOTETYPES_NOTE_TYPES))
 
-        m.addItem(_("Manage..."), self.mw.onNoteTypes)
+        m.addItem(tr(TR.ACTIONS_MANAGE), self.mw.onNoteTypes)
         m.addSeparator()
 
         noteTypes = MenuList()
@@ -1346,14 +1349,16 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
             else:
                 subm = noteTypes.addMenu(escaped_nt_name)
 
-                subm.addItem(_("All Card Types"), self._filterFunc("note", nt["name"]))
+                subm.addItem(
+                    tr(TR.BROWSING_ALL_CARD_TYPES), self._filterFunc("note", nt["name"])
+                )
                 subm.addSeparator()
 
                 # add templates
                 for c, tmpl in enumerate(nt["tmpls"]):
                     # T: name is a card type name. n it's order in the list of card type.
                     # T: this is shown in browser's filter, when seeing the list of card type of a note type.
-                    name = _("%(n)d: %(name)s") % dict(
+                    name = tr(TR.BROWSING_ND_NAMES) % dict(
                         n=c + 1, name=self._escapeMenuItem(tmpl["name"])
                     )
                     subm.addItem(
@@ -1375,9 +1380,9 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
         ml.addSeparator()
 
         if self._currentFilterIsSaved():
-            ml.addItem(_("Remove Current Filter..."), self._onRemoveFilter)
+            ml.addItem(tr(TR.BROWSING_REMOVE_CURRENT_FILTER), self._onRemoveFilter)
         else:
-            ml.addItem(_("Save Current Filter..."), self._onSaveFilter)
+            ml.addItem(tr(TR.BROWSING_SAVE_CURRENT_FILTER), self._onSaveFilter)
 
         saved = self.col.get_config("savedFilters")
         if not saved:
@@ -1390,7 +1395,7 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
         return ml
 
     def _onSaveFilter(self) -> None:
-        name = getOnlyText(_("Please give your filter a name:"))
+        name = getOnlyText(tr(TR.BROWSING_PLEASE_GIVE_YOUR_FILTER_A_NAME))
         if not name:
             return
         filt = self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().text()
@@ -1401,7 +1406,9 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
 
     def _onRemoveFilter(self):
         name = self._currentFilterIsSaved()
-        if not askUser(_("Remove %s from your saved searches?") % name):
+        if not askUser(
+            tr(TR.BROWSING_REMOVE_FROM_YOUR_SAVED_SEARCHES, val="%s") % name
+        ):
             return
         del self.col.conf["savedFilters"][name]
         self.col.setMod()
@@ -1490,7 +1497,7 @@ where id in %s"""
             % ids2str(sf)
         )
         if mods > 1:
-            showInfo(_("Please select cards from only one note type."))
+            showInfo(tr(TR.BROWSING_PLEASE_SELECT_CARDS_FROM_ONLY_ONE))
             return
         return sf
 
@@ -1544,7 +1551,7 @@ where id in %s"""
         nids = self.selectedNotes()
         if not nids:
             return
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Delete Notes"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.BROWSING_DELETE_NOTES))
         self.model.beginReset()
         # figure out where to place the cursor after the deletion
         curRow = self.form.tableView.selectionModel().currentIndex().row()
@@ -1590,8 +1597,8 @@ where id in %s"""
         ret = StudyDeck(
             self.mw,
             current=current,
-            accept=_("Move Cards"),
-            title=_("Change Deck"),
+            accept=tr(TR.BROWSING_MOVE_CARDS),
+            title=tr(TR.BROWSING_CHANGE_DECK),
             help="browse",
             parent=self,
         )
@@ -1600,10 +1607,10 @@ where id in %s"""
         did = self.col.decks.id(ret.name)
         deck = self.col.decks.get(did)
         if deck["dyn"]:
-            showWarning(_("Cards can't be manually moved into a filtered deck."))
+            showWarning(tr(TR.BROWSING_CARDS_CANT_BE_MANUALLY_MOVED_INTO))
             return
         self.model.beginReset()
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Change Deck"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.BROWSING_CHANGE_DECK))
         self.col.set_deck(cids, did)
         self.model.endReset()
         self.mw.requireReset(reason=ResetReason.BrowserSetDeck, context=self)
@@ -1616,7 +1623,7 @@ where id in %s"""
 
     def _addTags(self, tags, label, prompt, func):
         if prompt is None:
-            prompt = _("Enter tags to add:")
+            prompt = tr(TR.BROWSING_ENTER_TAGS_TO_ADD)
         if tags is None:
             (tags, r) = getTag(self, self.col, prompt)
         else:
@@ -1626,7 +1633,7 @@ where id in %s"""
         if func is None:
             func = self.col.tags.bulkAdd
         if label is None:
-            label = _("Add Tags")
+            label = tr(TR.BROWSING_ADD_TAGS)
         if label:
             self.mw.checkpoint(label)
         self.model.beginReset()
@@ -1636,9 +1643,12 @@ where id in %s"""
 
     def deleteTags(self, tags=None, label=None):
         if label is None:
-            label = _("Delete Tags")
+            label = tr(TR.BROWSING_DELETE_TAGS)
         self.addTags(
-            tags, label, _("Enter tags to delete:"), func=self.col.tags.bulkRem
+            tags,
+            label,
+            tr(TR.BROWSING_ENTER_TAGS_TO_DELETE),
+            func=self.col.tags.bulkRem,
         )
 
     def clearUnusedTags(self):
@@ -1731,7 +1741,7 @@ where id in %s"""
             + ids2str(cids)
         )
         if not cids2:
-            return showInfo(_("Only new cards can be repositioned."))
+            return showInfo(tr(TR.BROWSING_ONLY_NEW_CARDS_CAN_BE_REPOSITIONED))
         d = QDialog(self)
         d.setWindowModality(Qt.WindowModal)
         frm = aqt.forms.reposition.Ui_Dialog()
@@ -1741,14 +1751,14 @@ where id in %s"""
         )
         pmin = pmin or 0
         pmax = pmax or 0
-        txt = _("Queue top: %d") % pmin
-        txt += "\n" + _("Queue bottom: %d") % pmax
+        txt = tr(TR.BROWSING_QUEUE_TOP, val="%s") % pmin
+        txt += "\n" + tr(TR.BROWSING_QUEUE_BOTTOM, val="%s") % pmax
         frm.label.setText(txt)
         frm.start.selectAll()
         if not d.exec_():
             return
         self.model.beginReset()
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Reposition"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.ACTIONS_REPOSITION))
         self.col.sched.sortCards(
             cids,
             start=frm.start.value(),
@@ -1774,7 +1784,7 @@ where id in %s"""
         if not d.exec_():
             return
         self.model.beginReset()
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Reschedule"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.BROWSING_RESCHEDULE))
         if frm.asNew.isChecked():
             self.col.sched.forgetCards(self.selectedCards())
         else:
@@ -1881,7 +1891,7 @@ where id in %s"""
         restore_is_checked(frm.ignoreCase, combo + "ignoreCase")
 
         frm.find.setFocus()
-        allfields = [_("All Fields")] + fields
+        allfields = [tr(TR.BROWSING_ALL_FIELDS)] + fields
         frm.field.addItems(allfields)
         restore_combo_index_for_session(frm.field, allfields, combo + "Field")
         qconnect(frm.buttonBox.helpRequested, self.onFindReplaceHelp)
@@ -1906,7 +1916,7 @@ where id in %s"""
         save_is_checked(frm.re, combo + "Regex")
         save_is_checked(frm.ignoreCase, combo + "ignoreCase")
 
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Find and Replace"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.BROWSING_FIND_AND_REPLACE))
         # starts progress dialog as well
         self.model.beginReset()
 
@@ -1976,7 +1986,9 @@ where id in %s"""
             field = fields[frm.fields.currentIndex()]
             self.duplicatesReport(frm.webView, field, search_text, frm, web_context)
 
-        search = frm.buttonBox.addButton(_("Search"), QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
+        search = frm.buttonBox.addButton(
+            tr(TR.ACTIONS_SEARCH), QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole
+        )
         qconnect(search.clicked, onClick)
         d.show()
 
@@ -1985,7 +1997,7 @@ where id in %s"""
         res = self.mw.col.findDupes(fname, search)
         if not self._dupesButton:
             self._dupesButton = b = frm.buttonBox.addButton(
-                _("Tag Duplicates"), QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole
+                tr(TR.BROWSING_TAG_DUPLICATES), QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole
             )
             qconnect(b.clicked, lambda: self._onTagDupes(res))
         t = ""
@@ -1993,7 +2005,7 @@ where id in %s"""
         notes = sum(len(r[1]) for r in res)
         part1 = ngettext("%d group", "%d groups", groups) % groups
         part2 = ngettext("%d note", "%d notes", notes) % notes
-        t += _("Found %(a)s across %(b)s.") % dict(a=part1, b=part2)
+        t += tr(TR.BROWSING_FOUND_AS_ACROSS_BS) % dict(a=part1, b=part2)
         t += "<p><ol>"
         for val, nids in res:
             t += (
@@ -2012,15 +2024,15 @@ where id in %s"""
         if not res:
             return
         self.model.beginReset()
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Tag Duplicates"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.BROWSING_TAG_DUPLICATES))
         nids = set()
         for s, nidlist in res:
             nids.update(nidlist)
-        self.col.tags.bulkAdd(list(nids), _("duplicate"))
+        self.col.tags.bulkAdd(list(nids), tr(TR.BROWSING_DUPLICATE))
         self.mw.progress.finish()
         self.model.endReset()
         self.mw.requireReset(reason=ResetReason.BrowserTagDupes, context=self)
-        tooltip(_("Notes tagged."))
+        tooltip(tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTES_TAGGED))
 
     def dupeLinkClicked(self, link):
         self.search_for(link)
@@ -2177,10 +2189,10 @@ class ChangeModel(QDialog):
         map = QWidget()
         l = QGridLayout()
         combos = []
-        targets = [x["name"] for x in dst] + [_("Nothing")]
+        targets = [x["name"] for x in dst] + [tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTHING)]
         indices = {}
         for i, x in enumerate(src):
-            l.addWidget(QLabel(_("Change %s to:") % x["name"]), i, 0)
+            l.addWidget(QLabel(tr(TR.BROWSING_CHANGE_TO, val="%s") % x["name"]), i, 0)
             cb = QComboBox()
             cb.addItems(targets)
             idx = min(i, len(targets) - 1)
@@ -2267,7 +2279,7 @@ Are you sure you want to continue?"""
                 )
             ):
                 return
-        self.browser.mw.checkpoint(_("Change Note Type"))
+        self.browser.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.BROWSING_CHANGE_NOTE_TYPE))
         b = self.browser
         b.mw.col.modSchema(check=True)
         b.mw.progress.start()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/clayout.py b/qt/aqt/clayout.py
index 1281face9..8594f3300 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/clayout.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/clayout.py
@@ -60,13 +60,15 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
         self.mobile_emulation_enabled = False
         self.have_autoplayed = False
         self.mm._remove_from_cache(self.model["id"])
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Card Types"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_CARD_TYPES))
         self.change_tracker = ChangeTracker(self.mw)
         self.setupTopArea()
         self.setupMainArea()
         self.setupButtons()
         self.setupShortcuts()
-        self.setWindowTitle(_("Card Types for %s") % self.model["name"])
+        self.setWindowTitle(
+            tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_CARD_TYPES_FOR, val="%s") % self.model["name"]
+        )
         v1 = QVBoxLayout()
         v1.addWidget(self.topArea)
         v1.addWidget(self.mainArea)
@@ -108,7 +110,9 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
         self.topArea.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Minimum)
         self.topAreaForm = aqt.forms.clayout_top.Ui_Form()
         self.topAreaForm.setupUi(self.topArea)
-        self.topAreaForm.templateOptions.setText(_("Options") + " " + downArrow())
+        self.topAreaForm.templateOptions.setText(
+            tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS) + " " + downArrow()
+        )
         qconnect(self.topAreaForm.templateOptions.clicked, self.onMore)
         qconnect(
             self.topAreaForm.templatesBox.currentIndexChanged,
@@ -240,7 +244,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
         qconnect(widg.returnPressed, self.on_search_next)
 
     def setup_cloze_number_box(self):
-        names = (_("Cloze %d") % n for n in self.cloze_numbers)
+        names = (tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_CLOZE, val="%s") % n for n in self.cloze_numbers)
         self.pform.cloze_number_combo.addItems(names)
         try:
             idx = self.cloze_numbers.index(self.ord + 1)
@@ -381,28 +385,28 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
 
     def setupButtons(self):
         l = self.buttons = QHBoxLayout()
-        help = QPushButton(_("Help"))
+        help = QPushButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_HELP))
         help.setAutoDefault(False)
         l.addWidget(help)
         qconnect(help.clicked, self.onHelp)
         l.addStretch()
-        self.add_field_button = QPushButton(_("Add Field"))
+        self.add_field_button = QPushButton(tr(TR.FIELDS_ADD_FIELD))
         self.add_field_button.setAutoDefault(False)
         l.addWidget(self.add_field_button)
         qconnect(self.add_field_button.clicked, self.onAddField)
         if not self._isCloze():
-            flip = QPushButton(_("Flip"))
+            flip = QPushButton(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_FLIP))
             flip.setAutoDefault(False)
             l.addWidget(flip)
             qconnect(flip.clicked, self.onFlip)
         l.addStretch()
-        save = QPushButton(_("Save"))
+        save = QPushButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_SAVE))
         save.setAutoDefault(False)
         save.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Ctrl+Return"))
         l.addWidget(save)
         qconnect(save.clicked, self.accept)
 
-        close = QPushButton(_("Cancel"))
+        close = QPushButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_CANCEL))
         close.setAutoDefault(False)
         l.addWidget(close)
         qconnect(close.clicked, self.reject)
@@ -548,7 +552,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
 
     def onRemove(self):
         if len(self.templates) < 2:
-            return showInfo(_("At least one card type is required."))
+            return showInfo(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_AT_LEAST_ONE_CARD_TYPE_IS))
 
         def get_count():
             return self.mm.template_use_count(self.model["id"], self.ord)
@@ -558,7 +562,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
 
             template = self.current_template()
             cards = ngettext("%d card", "%d cards", card_cnt) % card_cnt
-            msg = _("Delete the '%(a)s' card type, and its %(b)s?") % dict(
+            msg = tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_DELETE_THE_AS_CARD_TYPE_AND) % dict(
                 a=template["name"], b=cards
             )
             if not askUser(msg):
@@ -583,7 +587,9 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
 
     def onRename(self):
         template = self.current_template()
-        name = getOnlyText(_("New name:"), default=template["name"]).replace('"', "")
+        name = getOnlyText(tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW_NAME), default=template["name"]).replace(
+            '"', ""
+        )
         if not name.strip():
             return
 
@@ -597,7 +603,8 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
         template = self.current_template()
         current_pos = self.templates.index(template) + 1
         pos = getOnlyText(
-            _("Enter new card position (1...%s):") % n, default=str(current_pos)
+            tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_ENTER_NEW_CARD_POSITION_1, val="%s") % n,
+            default=str(current_pos),
         )
         if not pos:
             return
@@ -619,7 +626,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
     def _newCardName(self):
         n = len(self.templates) + 1
         while 1:
-            name = _("Card %d") % n
+            name = tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_CARD, val="%s") % n
             if name not in [t["name"] for t in self.templates]:
                 break
             n += 1
@@ -673,29 +680,29 @@ adjust the template manually to switch the question and answer."""
         m = QMenu(self)
 
         if not self._isCloze():
-            a = m.addAction(_("Add Card Type..."))
+            a = m.addAction(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_ADD_CARD_TYPE))
             qconnect(a.triggered, self.onAddCard)
 
-            a = m.addAction(_("Remove Card Type..."))
+            a = m.addAction(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_REMOVE_CARD_TYPE))
             qconnect(a.triggered, self.onRemove)
 
-            a = m.addAction(_("Rename Card Type..."))
+            a = m.addAction(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_RENAME_CARD_TYPE))
             qconnect(a.triggered, self.onRename)
 
-            a = m.addAction(_("Reposition Card Type..."))
+            a = m.addAction(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_REPOSITION_CARD_TYPE))
             qconnect(a.triggered, self.onReorder)
 
             m.addSeparator()
 
             t = self.current_template()
             if t["did"]:
-                s = _(" (on)")
+                s = tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_ON)
             else:
-                s = _(" (off)")
-            a = m.addAction(_("Deck Override...") + s)
+                s = tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_OFF)
+            a = m.addAction(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_DECK_OVERRIDE) + s)
             qconnect(a.triggered, self.onTargetDeck)
 
-        a = m.addAction(_("Browser Appearance..."))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_BROWSER_APPEARANCE))
         qconnect(a.triggered, self.onBrowserDisplay)
 
         m.exec_(self.topAreaForm.templateOptions.mapToGlobal(QPoint(0, 0)))
diff --git a/qt/aqt/customstudy.py b/qt/aqt/customstudy.py
index bf049575e..dc8415603 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/customstudy.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/customstudy.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 import aqt
 from anki.consts import *
 from anki.lang import _
@@ -50,11 +49,11 @@ class CustomStudy(QDialog):
         smin = 1
         smax = DYN_MAX_SIZE
         sval = 1
-        post = _("cards")
+        post = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_CARDS)
         tit = ""
         spShow = True
         typeShow = False
-        ok = _("OK")
+        ok = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_OK)
 
         def plus(num):
             if num == 1000:
@@ -68,8 +67,10 @@ class CustomStudy(QDialog):
                 new, self.conf["new"]["perDay"] - self.deck["newToday"][1]
             )
             newExceeding = min(new, new - newUnderLearning)
-            tit = _("New cards in deck over today limit: %s") % plus(newExceeding)
-            pre = _("Increase today's new card limit by")
+            tit = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_NEW_CARDS_IN_DECK_OVER_TODAY, val="%s") % plus(
+                newExceeding
+            )
+            pre = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_INCREASE_TODAYS_NEW_CARD_LIMIT_BY)
             sval = min(new, self.deck.get("extendNew", 10))
             smin = -DYN_MAX_SIZE
             smax = newExceeding
@@ -80,27 +81,29 @@ class CustomStudy(QDialog):
                 rev, self.conf["rev"]["perDay"] - self.deck["revToday"][1]
             )
             revExceeding = min(rev, rev - revUnderLearning)
-            tit = _("Reviews due in deck over today limit: %s") % plus(revExceeding)
-            pre = _("Increase today's review limit by")
+            tit = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_REVIEWS_DUE_IN_DECK_OVER_TODAY, val="%s") % plus(
+                revExceeding
+            )
+            pre = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_INCREASE_TODAYS_REVIEW_LIMIT_BY)
             sval = min(rev, self.deck.get("extendRev", 10))
             smin = -DYN_MAX_SIZE
             smax = revExceeding
         elif idx == RADIO_FORGOT:
-            pre = _("Review cards forgotten in last")
-            post = _("days")
+            pre = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_REVIEW_CARDS_FORGOTTEN_IN_LAST)
+            post = tr(TR.SCHEDULING_DAYS)
             smax = 30
         elif idx == RADIO_AHEAD:
-            pre = _("Review ahead by")
-            post = _("days")
+            pre = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_REVIEW_AHEAD_BY)
+            post = tr(TR.SCHEDULING_DAYS)
         elif idx == RADIO_PREVIEW:
-            pre = _("Preview new cards added in the last")
-            post = _("days")
+            pre = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_PREVIEW_NEW_CARDS_ADDED_IN_THE)
+            post = tr(TR.SCHEDULING_DAYS)
             sval = 1
         elif idx == RADIO_CRAM:
-            pre = _("Select")
-            post = _("cards from the deck")
+            pre = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_SELECT)
+            post = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_CARDS_FROM_THE_DECK)
             # tit = _("After pressing OK, you can choose which tags to include.")
-            ok = _("Choose Tags")
+            ok = tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_CHOOSE_TAGS)
             sval = 100
             typeShow = True
         sp.setVisible(spShow)
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ class CustomStudy(QDialog):
         elif i == RADIO_CRAM:
             tags = self._getTags()
         # the rest create a filtered deck
-        cur = self.mw.col.decks.byName(_("Custom Study Session"))
+        cur = self.mw.col.decks.byName(tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_CUSTOM_STUDY_SESSION))
         if cur:
             if not cur["dyn"]:
                 showInfo(tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_MUST_RENAME_DECK))
@@ -150,7 +153,9 @@ class CustomStudy(QDialog):
                 dyn = cur
                 self.mw.col.decks.select(cur["id"])
         else:
-            did = self.mw.col.decks.new_filtered(_("Custom Study Session"))
+            did = self.mw.col.decks.new_filtered(
+                tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_CUSTOM_STUDY_SESSION)
+            )
             dyn = self.mw.col.decks.get(did)
         # and then set various options
         if i == RADIO_FORGOT:
@@ -187,7 +192,7 @@ class CustomStudy(QDialog):
         # generate cards
         self.created_custom_study = True
         if not self.mw.col.sched.rebuild_filtered_deck(dyn["id"]):
-            return showWarning(_("No cards matched the criteria you provided."))
+            return showWarning(tr(TR.CUSTOM_STUDY_NO_CARDS_MATCHED_THE_CRITERIA_YOU))
         self.mw.moveToState("overview")
         QDialog.accept(self)
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/deckbrowser.py b/qt/aqt/deckbrowser.py
index fcb8d58e0..34a833ffb 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/deckbrowser.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/deckbrowser.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from copy import deepcopy
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ from aqt import AnkiQt, gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.sound import av_player
 from aqt.toolbar import BottomBar
-from aqt.utils import askUser, getOnlyText, openLink, shortcut, showWarning, tr
+from aqt.utils import TR, askUser, getOnlyText, openLink, shortcut, showWarning, tr
 
 
 class DeckBrowserBottomBar:
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ class DeckBrowser:
         elif cmd == "import":
             self.mw.onImport()
         elif cmd == "create":
-            deck = getOnlyText(_("Name for deck:"))
+            deck = getOnlyText(tr(TR.DECKS_NAME_FOR_DECK))
             if deck:
                 self.mw.col.decks.id(deck)
                 gui_hooks.sidebar_should_refresh_decks()
@@ -144,9 +143,9 @@ class DeckBrowser:
         buf = """
 <tr><th colspan=5 align=start>%s</th><th class=count>%s</th>
 <th class=count>%s</th><th class=optscol></th></tr>""" % (
-            _("Deck"),
+            tr(TR.DECKS_DECK),
             tr(TR.STATISTICS_DUE_COUNT),
-            _("New"),
+            tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW),
         )
         buf += self._topLevelDragRow()
 
@@ -225,13 +224,13 @@ class DeckBrowser:
 
     def _showOptions(self, did: str) -> None:
         m = QMenu(self.mw)
-        a = m.addAction(_("Rename"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ACTIONS_RENAME))
         qconnect(a.triggered, lambda b, did=did: self._rename(int(did)))
-        a = m.addAction(_("Options"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS))
         qconnect(a.triggered, lambda b, did=did: self._options(did))
-        a = m.addAction(_("Export"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ACTIONS_EXPORT))
         qconnect(a.triggered, lambda b, did=did: self._export(did))
-        a = m.addAction(_("Delete"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ACTIONS_DELETE))
         qconnect(a.triggered, lambda b, did=did: self._delete(int(did)))
         gui_hooks.deck_browser_will_show_options_menu(m, int(did))
         m.exec_(QCursor.pos())
@@ -240,10 +239,10 @@ class DeckBrowser:
         self.mw.onExport(did=did)
 
     def _rename(self, did: int) -> None:
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Rename Deck"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.ACTIONS_RENAME_DECK))
         deck = self.mw.col.decks.get(did)
         oldName = deck["name"]
-        newName = getOnlyText(_("New deck name:"), default=oldName)
+        newName = getOnlyText(tr(TR.DECKS_NEW_DECK_NAME), default=oldName)
         newName = newName.replace('"', "")
         if not newName or newName == oldName:
             return
@@ -277,7 +276,7 @@ class DeckBrowser:
         self.show()
 
     def _delete(self, did):
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Delete Deck"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.DECKS_DELETE_DECK))
         deck = self.mw.col.decks.get(did)
         if not deck["dyn"]:
             dids = [did] + [r[1] for r in self.mw.col.decks.children(did)]
@@ -293,7 +292,7 @@ class DeckBrowser:
             deck["dyn"]
             or not extra
             or askUser(
-                (_("Are you sure you wish to delete %s?") % deck["name"]) + extra
+                (tr(TR.DECKS_ARE_YOU_SURE_YOU_WISH_TO, val="%s") % deck["name"]) + extra
             )
         ):
             self.mw.progress.start()
@@ -305,9 +304,9 @@ class DeckBrowser:
     ######################################################################
 
     drawLinks = [
-        ["", "shared", _("Get Shared")],
-        ["", "create", _("Create Deck")],
-        ["Ctrl+Shift+I", "import", _("Import File")],
+        ["", "shared", tr(TR.DECKS_GET_SHARED)],
+        ["", "create", tr(TR.DECKS_CREATE_DECK)],
+        ["Ctrl+Shift+I", "import", tr(TR.DECKS_IMPORT_FILE)],
     ]
 
     def _drawButtons(self):
@@ -315,7 +314,7 @@ class DeckBrowser:
         drawLinks = deepcopy(self.drawLinks)
         for b in drawLinks:
             if b[0]:
-                b[0] = _("Shortcut key: %s") % shortcut(b[0])
+                b[0] = tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % shortcut(b[0])
             buf += """
 <button title='%s' onclick='pycmd(\"%s\");'>%s</button>""" % tuple(
                 b
diff --git a/qt/aqt/deckchooser.py b/qt/aqt/deckchooser.py
index ef8a3e064..90fe10cbb 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/deckchooser.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/deckchooser.py
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from typing import Any
 
 from anki.lang import _
 from aqt import AnkiQt, gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import shortcut
+from aqt.utils import TR, shortcut, tr
 
 
 class DeckChooser(QHBoxLayout):
@@ -26,12 +25,12 @@ class DeckChooser(QHBoxLayout):
 
     def setupDecks(self) -> None:
         if self.label:
-            self.deckLabel = QLabel(_("Deck"))
+            self.deckLabel = QLabel(tr(TR.DECKS_DECK))
             self.addWidget(self.deckLabel)
         # decks box
         self.deck = QPushButton(clicked=self.onDeckChange)  # type: ignore
         self.deck.setAutoDefault(False)
-        self.deck.setToolTip(shortcut(_("Target Deck (Ctrl+D)")))
+        self.deck.setToolTip(shortcut(tr(TR.QT_MISC_TARGET_DECK_CTRLANDD)))
         QShortcut(QKeySequence("Ctrl+D"), self.widget, activated=self.onDeckChange)  # type: ignore
         self.addWidget(self.deck)
         # starting label
@@ -48,11 +47,13 @@ class DeckChooser(QHBoxLayout):
                         did = c.odid
                 else:
                     did = 1
-            self.setDeckName(self.mw.col.decks.nameOrNone(did) or _("Default"))
+            self.setDeckName(
+                self.mw.col.decks.nameOrNone(did) or tr(TR.QT_MISC_DEFAULT)
+            )
         else:
             self.setDeckName(
                 self.mw.col.decks.nameOrNone(self.mw.col.models.current()["did"])
-                or _("Default")
+                or tr(TR.QT_MISC_DEFAULT)
             )
         # layout
         sizePolicy = QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Policy(7), QSizePolicy.Policy(0))
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ class DeckChooser(QHBoxLayout):
         if not self.mw.col.conf.get("addToCur", True):
             self.setDeckName(
                 self.mw.col.decks.nameOrNone(self.mw.col.models.current()["did"])
-                or _("Default")
+                or tr(TR.QT_MISC_DEFAULT)
             )
 
     def onDeckChange(self) -> None:
@@ -84,8 +85,8 @@ class DeckChooser(QHBoxLayout):
         ret = StudyDeck(
             self.mw,
             current=current,
-            accept=_("Choose"),
-            title=_("Choose Deck"),
+            accept=tr(TR.ACTIONS_CHOOSE),
+            title=tr(TR.QT_MISC_CHOOSE_DECK),
             help="addingnotes",
             cancel=False,
             parent=self.widget,
diff --git a/qt/aqt/deckconf.py b/qt/aqt/deckconf.py
index d01e3ea18..471bc8fc5 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/deckconf.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/deckconf.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from operator import itemgetter
 from typing import Any, Dict
 
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ from anki.lang import _, ngettext
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import (
+    TR,
     askUser,
     getOnlyText,
     openHelp,
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from aqt.utils import (
     showInfo,
     showWarning,
     tooltip,
+    tr,
 )
 
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
         self.form = aqt.forms.dconf.Ui_Dialog()
         self.form.setupUi(self)
         gui_hooks.deck_conf_did_setup_ui_form(self)
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Options"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS))
         self.setupCombos()
         self.setupConfs()
         self.setWindowModality(Qt.WindowModal)
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
             self.form.buttonBox.button(QDialogButtonBox.RestoreDefaults).clicked,
             self.onRestore,
         )
-        self.setWindowTitle(_("Options for %s") % self.deck["name"])
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS_FOR, val="%s") % self.deck["name"])
         # qt doesn't size properly with altered fonts otherwise
         restoreGeom(self, "deckconf", adjustSize=True)
         gui_hooks.deck_conf_will_show(self)
@@ -86,13 +87,13 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
 
     def confOpts(self):
         m = QMenu(self.mw)
-        a = m.addAction(_("Add"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ACTIONS_ADD))
         qconnect(a.triggered, self.addGroup)
-        a = m.addAction(_("Delete"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ACTIONS_DELETE))
         qconnect(a.triggered, self.remGroup)
-        a = m.addAction(_("Rename"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ACTIONS_RENAME))
         qconnect(a.triggered, self.renameGroup)
-        a = m.addAction(_("Set for all subdecks"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.SCHEDULING_SET_FOR_ALL_SUBDECKS))
         qconnect(a.triggered, self.setChildren)
         if not self.childDids:
             a.setEnabled(False)
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
         self.form.count.setText(txt)
 
     def addGroup(self) -> None:
-        name = getOnlyText(_("New options group name:"))
+        name = getOnlyText(tr(TR.SCHEDULING_NEW_OPTIONS_GROUP_NAME))
         if not name:
             return
 
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
 
     def remGroup(self) -> None:
         if int(self.conf["id"]) == 1:
-            showInfo(_("The default configuration can't be removed."), self)
+            showInfo(tr(TR.SCHEDULING_THE_DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_CANT_BE_REMOVED), self)
         else:
             gui_hooks.deck_conf_will_remove_config(self, self.deck, self.conf)
             self.mw.col.modSchema(check=True)
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
 
     def renameGroup(self) -> None:
         old = self.conf["name"]
-        name = getOnlyText(_("New name:"), default=old)
+        name = getOnlyText(tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW_NAME), default=old)
         if not name or name == old:
             return
 
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
 
     def setChildren(self):
         if not askUser(
-            _("Set all decks below %s to this option group?") % self.deck["name"]
+            tr(TR.SCHEDULING_SET_ALL_DECKS_BELOW_TO, val="%s") % self.deck["name"]
         ):
             return
         for did in self.childDids:
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
                 lim = x
             else:
                 lim = min(x, lim)
-        return _("(parent limit: %d)") % lim
+        return tr(TR.SCHEDULING_PARENT_LIMIT, val="%s") % lim
 
     def loadConf(self):
         self.conf = self.mw.col.decks.confForDid(self.deck["id"])
@@ -273,10 +274,10 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
                 ret.append(i)
             except:
                 # invalid, don't update
-                showWarning(_("Steps must be numbers."))
+                showWarning(tr(TR.SCHEDULING_STEPS_MUST_BE_NUMBERS))
                 return
         if len(ret) < minSize:
-            showWarning(_("At least one step is required."))
+            showWarning(tr(TR.SCHEDULING_AT_LEAST_ONE_STEP_IS_REQUIRED))
             return
         conf[key] = ret
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/dyndeckconf.py b/qt/aqt/dyndeckconf.py
index 94f040bc6..9aae6e135 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/dyndeckconf.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/dyndeckconf.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import List, Optional
 import aqt
 from anki.lang import _
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import askUser, openHelp, restoreGeom, saveGeom, showWarning
+from aqt.utils import TR, askUser, openHelp, restoreGeom, saveGeom, showWarning, tr
 
 
 class DeckConf(QDialog):
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
         self.form = aqt.forms.dyndconf.Ui_Dialog()
         self.form.setupUi(self)
         if first:
-            label = _("Build")
+            label = tr(TR.DECKS_BUILD)
         else:
-            label = _("Rebuild")
+            label = tr(TR.ACTIONS_REBUILD)
         self.ok = self.form.buttonBox.addButton(label, QDialogButtonBox.AcceptRole)
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Options"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS))
         self.setWindowModality(Qt.WindowModal)
         qconnect(self.form.buttonBox.helpRequested, lambda: openHelp("filtered-decks"))
-        self.setWindowTitle(_("Options for %s") % self.deck["name"])
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS_FOR, val="%s") % self.deck["name"])
         restoreGeom(self, "dyndeckconf")
         self.initialSetup()
         self.loadConf()
@@ -154,9 +154,9 @@ it?"""
                 ret.append(i)
             except:
                 # invalid, don't update
-                showWarning(_("Steps must be numbers."))
+                showWarning(tr(TR.SCHEDULING_STEPS_MUST_BE_NUMBERS))
                 return None
         if len(ret) < minSize:
-            showWarning(_("At least one step is required."))
+            showWarning(tr(TR.SCHEDULING_AT_LEAST_ONE_STEP_IS_REQUIRED))
             return None
         return ret
diff --git a/qt/aqt/editcurrent.py b/qt/aqt/editcurrent.py
index 0d0e82ce9..cc9ecc6a3 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/editcurrent.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/editcurrent.py
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 import aqt.editor
 from anki.lang import _
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.main import ResetReason
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import restoreGeom, saveGeom, tooltip
+from aqt.utils import TR, restoreGeom, saveGeom, tooltip, tr
 
 
 class EditCurrent(QDialog):
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ class EditCurrent(QDialog):
         self.mw = mw
         self.form = aqt.forms.editcurrent.Ui_Dialog()
         self.form.setupUi(self)
-        self.setWindowTitle(_("Edit Current"))
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr(TR.EDITING_EDIT_CURRENT))
         self.setMinimumHeight(400)
         self.setMinimumWidth(250)
         self.form.buttonBox.button(QDialogButtonBox.Close).setShortcut(
diff --git a/qt/aqt/editor.py b/qt/aqt/editor.py
index d01238853..913573a55 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/editor.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/editor.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.sound import av_player, getAudio
 from aqt.theme import theme_manager
 from aqt.utils import (
+    TR,
     getFile,
     openHelp,
     qtMenuShortcutWorkaround,
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ from aqt.utils import (
     showInfo,
     showWarning,
     tooltip,
+    tr,
 )
 from aqt.webview import AnkiWebView
 
@@ -122,16 +124,16 @@ class Editor:
             self._addButton(
                 None,
                 "fields",
-                _("Customize Fields"),
-                _("Fields") + "...",
+                tr(TR.EDITING_CUSTOMIZE_FIELDS),
+                tr(TR.EDITING_FIELDS) + "...",
                 disables=False,
                 rightside=False,
             ),
             self._addButton(
                 None,
                 "cards",
-                _("Customize Card Templates (Ctrl+L)"),
-                _("Cards") + "...",
+                tr(TR.EDITING_CUSTOMIZE_CARD_TEMPLATES_CTRLANDL),
+                tr(TR.EDITING_CARDS) + "...",
                 disables=False,
                 rightside=False,
             ),
@@ -140,22 +142,37 @@ class Editor:
         gui_hooks.editor_did_init_left_buttons(lefttopbtns, self)
 
         righttopbtns: List[str] = [
-            self._addButton("text_bold", "bold", _("Bold text (Ctrl+B)"), id="bold"),
             self._addButton(
-                "text_italic", "italic", _("Italic text (Ctrl+I)"), id="italic"
+                "text_bold", "bold", tr(TR.EDITING_BOLD_TEXT_CTRLANDB), id="bold"
             ),
             self._addButton(
-                "text_under", "underline", _("Underline text (Ctrl+U)"), id="underline"
+                "text_italic",
+                "italic",
+                tr(TR.EDITING_ITALIC_TEXT_CTRLANDI),
+                id="italic",
             ),
             self._addButton(
-                "text_super", "super", _("Superscript (Ctrl++)"), id="superscript"
+                "text_under",
+                "underline",
+                tr(TR.EDITING_UNDERLINE_TEXT_CTRLANDU),
+                id="underline",
+            ),
+            self._addButton(
+                "text_super",
+                "super",
+                tr(TR.EDITING_SUPERSCRIPT_CTRLANDAND),
+                id="superscript",
+            ),
+            self._addButton(
+                "text_sub", "sub", tr(TR.EDITING_SUBSCRIPT_CTRLAND), id="subscript"
+            ),
+            self._addButton(
+                "text_clear", "clear", tr(TR.EDITING_REMOVE_FORMATTING_CTRLANDR)
             ),
-            self._addButton("text_sub", "sub", _("Subscript (Ctrl+=)"), id="subscript"),
-            self._addButton("text_clear", "clear", _("Remove formatting (Ctrl+R)")),
             self._addButton(
                 None,
                 "colour",
-                _("Set foreground colour (F7)"),
+                tr(TR.EDITING_SET_FOREGROUND_COLOUR_F7),
                 """
 <div id="forecolor"
      style="display: inline-block; background: #000; border-radius: 5px;"
@@ -165,17 +182,19 @@ class Editor:
             self._addButton(
                 None,
                 "changeCol",
-                _("Change colour (F8)"),
+                tr(TR.EDITING_CHANGE_COLOUR_F8),
                 """
 <div style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 5px;"
      class="topbut rainbow"
 >""",
             ),
-            self._addButton("text_cloze", "cloze", _("Cloze deletion (Ctrl+Shift+C)")),
             self._addButton(
-                "paperclip", "attach", _("Attach pictures/audio/video (F3)")
+                "text_cloze", "cloze", tr(TR.EDITING_CLOZE_DELETION_CTRLANDSHIFTANDC)
             ),
-            self._addButton("media-record", "record", _("Record audio (F5)")),
+            self._addButton(
+                "paperclip", "attach", tr(TR.EDITING_ATTACH_PICTURESAUDIOVIDEO_F3)
+            ),
+            self._addButton("media-record", "record", tr(TR.EDITING_RECORD_AUDIO_F5)),
             self._addButton("more", "more"),
         ]
 
@@ -197,7 +216,7 @@ class Editor:
         bgcol = self.mw.app.palette().window().color().name()  # type: ignore
         # then load page
         self.web.stdHtml(
-            _html % (bgcol, bgcol, topbuts, _("Show Duplicates")),
+            _html % (bgcol, bgcol, topbuts, tr(TR.EDITING_SHOW_DUPLICATES)),
             css=["css/editor.css"],
             js=["js/vendor/jquery.js", "js/editor.js"],
             context=self,
@@ -571,11 +590,13 @@ class Editor:
         tb.setSpacing(12)
         tb.setContentsMargins(2, 6, 2, 6)
         # tags
-        l = QLabel(_("Tags"))
+        l = QLabel(tr(TR.EDITING_TAGS))
         tb.addWidget(l, 1, 0)
         self.tags = aqt.tagedit.TagEdit(self.widget)
         qconnect(self.tags.lostFocus, self.saveTags)
-        self.tags.setToolTip(shortcut(_("Jump to tags with Ctrl+Shift+T")))
+        self.tags.setToolTip(
+            shortcut(tr(TR.EDITING_JUMP_TO_TAGS_WITH_CTRLANDSHIFTANDT))
+        )
         border = theme_manager.str_color("border")
         self.tags.setStyleSheet(f"border: 1px solid {border}")
         tb.addWidget(self.tags, 1, 1)
@@ -708,12 +729,12 @@ to a cloze type first, via 'Notes>Change Note Type'"""
         extension_filter = " ".join(
             "*." + extension for extension in sorted(itertools.chain(pics, audio))
         )
-        key = _("Media") + " (" + extension_filter + ")"
+        key = tr(TR.EDITING_MEDIA) + " (" + extension_filter + ")"
 
         def accept(file):
             self.addMedia(file, canDelete=True)
 
-        file = getFile(self.widget, _("Add Media"), accept, key, key="media")
+        file = getFile(self.widget, tr(TR.EDITING_ADD_MEDIA), accept, key, key="media")
         self.parentWindow.activateWindow()
 
     def addMedia(self, path, canDelete=False):
@@ -746,7 +767,7 @@ to a cloze type first, via 'Notes>Change Note Type'"""
             file = getAudio(self.widget)
         except Exception as e:
             showWarning(
-                _("Couldn't record audio. Have you installed 'lame'?")
+                tr(TR.EDITING_COULDNT_RECORD_AUDIO_HAVE_YOU_INSTALLED)
                 + "\n\n"
                 + repr(str(e))
             )
@@ -845,13 +866,14 @@ to a cloze type first, via 'Notes>Change Note Type'"""
                     with client.get(url) as response:
                         if response.status_code != 200:
                             error_msg = (
-                                _("Unexpected response code: %s") % response.status_code
+                                tr(TR.QT_MISC_UNEXPECTED_RESPONSE_CODE, val="%s")
+                                % response.status_code
                             )
                             return None
                         filecontents = response.content
                         content_type = response.headers.get("content-type")
         except (urllib.error.URLError, requests.exceptions.RequestException) as e:
-            error_msg = _("An error occurred while opening %s") % e
+            error_msg = tr(TR.EDITING_AN_ERROR_OCCURRED_WHILE_OPENING, val="%s") % e
             return None
         finally:
             self.mw.progress.finish()
@@ -948,13 +970,17 @@ to a cloze type first, via 'Notes>Change Note Type'"""
         m = QMenu(self.mw)
 
         for text, handler, shortcut in (
-            (_("MathJax inline"), self.insertMathjaxInline, "Ctrl+M, M"),
-            (_("MathJax block"), self.insertMathjaxBlock, "Ctrl+M, E"),
-            (_("MathJax chemistry"), self.insertMathjaxChemistry, "Ctrl+M, C"),
-            (_("LaTeX"), self.insertLatex, "Ctrl+T, T"),
-            (_("LaTeX equation"), self.insertLatexEqn, "Ctrl+T, E"),
-            (_("LaTeX math env."), self.insertLatexMathEnv, "Ctrl+T, M"),
-            (_("Edit HTML"), self.onHtmlEdit, "Ctrl+Shift+X"),
+            (tr(TR.EDITING_MATHJAX_INLINE), self.insertMathjaxInline, "Ctrl+M, M"),
+            (tr(TR.EDITING_MATHJAX_BLOCK), self.insertMathjaxBlock, "Ctrl+M, E"),
+            (
+                tr(TR.EDITING_MATHJAX_CHEMISTRY),
+                self.insertMathjaxChemistry,
+                "Ctrl+M, C",
+            ),
+            (tr(TR.EDITING_LATEX), self.insertLatex, "Ctrl+T, T"),
+            (tr(TR.EDITING_LATEX_EQUATION), self.insertLatexEqn, "Ctrl+T, E"),
+            (tr(TR.EDITING_LATEX_MATH_ENV), self.insertLatexMathEnv, "Ctrl+T, M"),
+            (tr(TR.EDITING_EDIT_HTML), self.onHtmlEdit, "Ctrl+Shift+X"),
         ):
             a = m.addAction(text)
             qconnect(a.triggered, handler)
@@ -1204,11 +1230,11 @@ class EditorWebView(AnkiWebView):
 
     def contextMenuEvent(self, evt: QContextMenuEvent) -> None:
         m = QMenu(self)
-        a = m.addAction(_("Cut"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.EDITING_CUT))
         qconnect(a.triggered, self.onCut)
-        a = m.addAction(_("Copy"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ACTIONS_COPY))
         qconnect(a.triggered, self.onCopy)
-        a = m.addAction(_("Paste"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.EDITING_PASTE))
         qconnect(a.triggered, self.onPaste)
         gui_hooks.editor_will_show_context_menu(self, m)
         m.popup(QCursor.pos())
diff --git a/qt/aqt/errors.py b/qt/aqt/errors.py
index b6cbc2eb6..94b606e34 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/errors.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/errors.py
@@ -77,11 +77,7 @@ your system's temporary folder may be incorrect."""
         if "abortSchemaMod" in error:
             return
         if "10013" in error:
-            return showWarning(
-                _(
-                    "Your firewall or antivirus program is preventing Anki from creating a connection to itself. Please add an exception for Anki."
-                )
-            )
+            return showWarning(tr(TR.QT_MISC_YOUR_FIREWALL_OR_ANTIVIRUS_PROGRAM_IS))
         if "no default input" in error.lower():
             return showWarning(
                 _(
@@ -94,11 +90,7 @@ your system's temporary folder may be incorrect."""
         if "Beautiful Soup is not an HTTP client" in error:
             return
         if "database or disk is full" in error or "Errno 28" in error:
-            return showWarning(
-                _(
-                    "Your computer's storage may be full. Please delete some unneeded files, then try again."
-                )
-            )
+            return showWarning(tr(TR.QT_MISC_YOUR_COMPUTERS_STORAGE_MAY_BE_FULL))
         if "disk I/O error" in error:
             showWarning(markdown(tr(TR.ERRORS_ACCESSING_DB)))
             return
diff --git a/qt/aqt/exporting.py b/qt/aqt/exporting.py
index fc27b2d68..5691ca476 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/exporting.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/exporting.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from anki import hooks
 from anki.exporting import Exporter, exporters
 from anki.lang import _, ngettext
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import checkInvalidFilename, getSaveFile, showWarning, tooltip
+from aqt.utils import TR, checkInvalidFilename, getSaveFile, showWarning, tooltip, tr
 
 
 class ExportDialog(QDialog):
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ class ExportDialog(QDialog):
         self.exporterChanged(idx)
         # deck list
         if self.cids is None:
-            self.decks = [_("All Decks")]
+            self.decks = [tr(TR.EXPORTING_ALL_DECKS)]
             self.decks.extend(d.name for d in self.col.decks.all_names_and_ids())
         else:
-            self.decks = [_("Selected Notes")]
+            self.decks = [tr(TR.EXPORTING_SELECTED_NOTES)]
         self.frm.deck.addItems(self.decks)
         # save button
-        b = QPushButton(_("Export..."))
+        b = QPushButton(tr(TR.EXPORTING_EXPORT))
         self.frm.buttonBox.addButton(b, QDialogButtonBox.AcceptRole)
         # set default option if accessed through deck button
         if did:
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class ExportDialog(QDialog):
             self.exporter.did = self.col.decks.id(name)
         if self.isVerbatim:
             name = time.strftime("-%Y-%m-%d@%H-%M-%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
-            deck_name = _("collection") + name
+            deck_name = tr(TR.EXPORTING_COLLECTION) + name
         else:
             # Get deck name and remove invalid filename characters
             deck_name = self.decks[self.frm.deck.currentIndex()]
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class ExportDialog(QDialog):
         while 1:
             file = getSaveFile(
                 self,
-                _("Export"),
+                tr(TR.ACTIONS_EXPORT),
                 "export",
                 key_str,
                 self.exporter.ext,
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class ExportDialog(QDialog):
                 f = open(file, "wb")
                 f.close()
             except (OSError, IOError) as e:
-                showWarning(_("Couldn't save file: %s") % str(e))
+                showWarning(tr(TR.EXPORTING_COULDNT_SAVE_FILE, val="%s") % str(e))
             else:
                 os.unlink(file)
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class ExportDialog(QDialog):
 
     def on_export_finished(self):
         if self.isVerbatim:
-            msg = _("Collection exported.")
+            msg = tr(TR.EXPORTING_COLLECTION_EXPORTED)
             self.mw.reopen()
         else:
             if self.isTextNote:
diff --git a/qt/aqt/fields.py b/qt/aqt/fields.py
index 84f05470b..9aa98a3d7 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/fields.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/fields.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from anki.rsbackend import TemplateError
 from aqt import AnkiQt, gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.schema_change_tracker import ChangeTracker
-from aqt.utils import askUser, getOnlyText, openHelp, showWarning, tooltip
+from aqt.utils import TR, askUser, getOnlyText, openHelp, showWarning, tooltip, tr
 
 
 class FieldDialog(QDialog):
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ class FieldDialog(QDialog):
         self.mm = self.mw.col.models
         self.model = nt
         self.mm._remove_from_cache(self.model["id"])
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Fields"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.EDITING_FIELDS))
         self.change_tracker = ChangeTracker(self.mw)
         self.form = aqt.forms.fields.Ui_Dialog()
         self.form.setupUi(self)
-        self.setWindowTitle(_("Fields for %s") % self.model["name"])
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr(TR.FIELDS_FIELDS_FOR, val="%s") % self.model["name"])
         self.form.buttonBox.button(QDialogButtonBox.Help).setAutoDefault(False)
         self.form.buttonBox.button(QDialogButtonBox.Cancel).setAutoDefault(False)
         self.form.buttonBox.button(QDialogButtonBox.Save).setAutoDefault(False)
@@ -87,14 +87,14 @@ class FieldDialog(QDialog):
             if ignoreOrd is not None and f["ord"] == ignoreOrd:
                 continue
             if f["name"] == txt:
-                showWarning(_("That field name is already used."))
+                showWarning(tr(TR.FIELDS_THAT_FIELD_NAME_IS_ALREADY_USED))
                 return
         return txt
 
     def onRename(self):
         idx = self.currentIdx
         f = self.model["flds"][idx]
-        name = self._uniqueName(_("New name:"), self.currentIdx, f["name"])
+        name = self._uniqueName(tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW_NAME), self.currentIdx, f["name"])
         if not name:
             return
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class FieldDialog(QDialog):
         self.form.fieldList.setCurrentRow(idx)
 
     def onAdd(self):
-        name = self._uniqueName(_("Field name:"))
+        name = self._uniqueName(tr(TR.FIELDS_FIELD_NAME))
         if not name:
             return
         if not self.change_tracker.mark_schema():
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ class FieldDialog(QDialog):
 
     def onDelete(self):
         if len(self.model["flds"]) < 2:
-            return showWarning(_("Notes require at least one field."))
+            return showWarning(tr(TR.FIELDS_NOTES_REQUIRE_AT_LEAST_ONE_FIELD))
         count = self.mm.useCount(self.model)
         c = ngettext("%d note", "%d notes", count) % count
-        if not askUser(_("Delete field from %s?") % c):
+        if not askUser(tr(TR.FIELDS_DELETE_FIELD_FROM, val="%s") % c):
             return
         if not self.change_tracker.mark_schema():
             return
@@ -137,7 +137,9 @@ class FieldDialog(QDialog):
     def onPosition(self, delta=-1):
         idx = self.currentIdx
         l = len(self.model["flds"])
-        txt = getOnlyText(_("New position (1...%d):") % l, default=str(idx + 1))
+        txt = getOnlyText(
+            tr(TR.FIELDS_NEW_POSITION_1, val="%s") % l, default=str(idx + 1)
+        )
         if not txt:
             return
         try:
diff --git a/qt/aqt/importing.py b/qt/aqt/importing.py
index e02fa2d1f..58dde845c 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/importing.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/importing.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # coding=utf-8
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 import json
 import os
 import re
@@ -43,14 +42,14 @@ class ChangeMap(QDialog):
         n = 0
         setCurrent = False
         for field in self.model["flds"]:
-            item = QListWidgetItem(_("Map to %s") % field["name"])
+            item = QListWidgetItem(tr(TR.IMPORTING_MAP_TO, val="%s") % field["name"])
             self.frm.fields.addItem(item)
             if current == field["name"]:
                 setCurrent = True
                 self.frm.fields.setCurrentRow(n)
             n += 1
-        self.frm.fields.addItem(QListWidgetItem(_("Map to Tags")))
-        self.frm.fields.addItem(QListWidgetItem(_("Ignore field")))
+        self.frm.fields.addItem(QListWidgetItem(tr(TR.IMPORTING_MAP_TO_TAGS)))
+        self.frm.fields.addItem(QListWidgetItem(tr(TR.IMPORTING_IGNORE_FIELD)))
         if not setCurrent:
             if current == "_tags":
                 self.frm.fields.setCurrentRow(n)
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ class ImportDialog(QDialog):
         self.frm.tagModified.setText(self.mw.pm.profile.get("tagModified", ""))
         self.frm.tagModified.setCol(self.mw.col)
         # import button
-        b = QPushButton(_("Import"))
+        b = QPushButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_IMPORT))
         self.frm.buttonBox.addButton(b, QDialogButtonBox.AcceptRole)
         self.exec_()
 
@@ -156,24 +155,24 @@ you can enter it here. Use \\t to represent tab."""
         else:
             d = self.importer.dialect.delimiter
         if d == "\t":
-            d = _("Tab")
+            d = tr(TR.IMPORTING_TAB)
         elif d == ",":
-            d = _("Comma")
+            d = tr(TR.IMPORTING_COMMA)
         elif d == " ":
-            d = _("Space")
+            d = tr(TR.STUDYING_SPACE)
         elif d == ";":
-            d = _("Semicolon")
+            d = tr(TR.IMPORTING_SEMICOLON)
         elif d == ":":
-            d = _("Colon")
+            d = tr(TR.IMPORTING_COLON)
         else:
             d = repr(d)
-        txt = _("Fields separated by: %s") % d
+        txt = tr(TR.IMPORTING_FIELDS_SEPARATED_BY, val="%s") % d
         self.frm.autoDetect.setText(txt)
 
     def accept(self):
         self.importer.mapping = self.mapping
         if not self.importer.mappingOk():
-            showWarning(_("The first field of the note type must be mapped."))
+            showWarning(tr(TR.IMPORTING_THE_FIRST_FIELD_OF_THE_NOTE))
             return
         self.importer.importMode = self.frm.importMode.currentIndex()
         self.mw.pm.profile["importMode"] = self.importer.importMode
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ you can enter it here. Use \\t to represent tab."""
         self.mw.col.models.save(self.importer.model, updateReqs=False)
         self.mw.col.decks.select(did)
         self.mw.progress.start()
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Import"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.ACTIONS_IMPORT))
 
         def on_done(future: Future):
             self.mw.progress.finish()
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ you can enter it here. Use \\t to represent tab."""
                 showText(msg)
                 return
             else:
-                txt = _("Importing complete.") + "\n"
+                txt = tr(TR.IMPORTING_IMPORTING_COMPLETE) + "\n"
                 if self.importer.log:
                     txt += "\n".join(self.importer.log)
                 self.close()
@@ -248,16 +247,16 @@ you can enter it here. Use \\t to represent tab."""
         self.grid.setSpacing(6)
         fields = self.importer.fields()
         for num in range(len(self.mapping)):
-            text = _("Field <b>%d</b> of file is:") % (num + 1)
+            text = tr(TR.IMPORTING_FIELD_OF_FILE_IS, val="%s") % (num + 1)
             self.grid.addWidget(QLabel(text), num, 0)
             if self.mapping[num] == "_tags":
-                text = _("mapped to <b>Tags</b>")
+                text = tr(TR.IMPORTING_MAPPED_TO_TAGS)
             elif self.mapping[num]:
-                text = _("mapped to <b>%s</b>") % self.mapping[num]
+                text = tr(TR.IMPORTING_MAPPED_TO, val="%s") % self.mapping[num]
             else:
-                text = _("<ignored>")
+                text = tr(TR.IMPORTING_IGNORED)
             self.grid.addWidget(QLabel(text), num, 1)
-            button = QPushButton(_("Change"))
+            button = QPushButton(tr(TR.IMPORTING_CHANGE))
             self.grid.addWidget(button, num, 2)
             qconnect(button.clicked, lambda _, s=self, n=num: s.changeMappingNum(n))
 
@@ -308,7 +307,7 @@ def showUnicodeWarning():
 
 def onImport(mw):
     filt = ";;".join([x[0] for x in importing.Importers])
-    file = getFile(mw, _("Import"), None, key="import", filter=filt)
+    file = getFile(mw, tr(TR.ACTIONS_IMPORT), None, key="import", filter=filt)
     if not file:
         return
     file = str(file)
@@ -316,18 +315,10 @@ def onImport(mw):
     head, ext = os.path.splitext(file)
     ext = ext.lower()
     if ext == ".anki":
-        showInfo(
-            _(
-                ".anki files are from a very old version of Anki. You can import them with Anki 2.0, available on the Anki website."
-            )
-        )
+        showInfo(tr(TR.IMPORTING_ANKI_FILES_ARE_FROM_A_VERY))
         return
     elif ext == ".anki2":
-        showInfo(
-            _(
-                ".anki2 files are not directly importable - please import the .apkg or .zip file you have received instead."
-            )
-        )
+        showInfo(tr(TR.IMPORTING_ANKI2_FILES_ARE_NOT_DIRECTLY_IMPORTABLE))
         return
 
     importFile(mw, file)
@@ -364,7 +355,7 @@ def importFile(mw, file):
             mw.progress.finish()
             msg = repr(str(e))
             if msg == "'unknownFormat'":
-                showWarning(_("Unknown file format."))
+                showWarning(tr(TR.IMPORTING_UNKNOWN_FILE_FORMAT))
             else:
                 msg = tr(TR.IMPORTING_FAILED_DEBUG_INFO) + "\n"
                 msg += str(traceback.format_exc())
@@ -513,7 +504,7 @@ def _replaceWithApkg(mw, filename, backup):
             future.result()
         except Exception as e:
             print(e)
-            showWarning(_("The provided file is not a valid .apkg file."))
+            showWarning(tr(TR.IMPORTING_THE_PROVIDED_FILE_IS_NOT_A))
             return
 
         if not mw.loadCollection():
@@ -521,6 +512,6 @@ def _replaceWithApkg(mw, filename, backup):
         if backup:
             mw.col.modSchema(check=False)
 
-        tooltip(_("Importing complete."))
+        tooltip(tr(TR.IMPORTING_IMPORTING_COMPLETE))
 
     mw.taskman.run_in_background(do_import, on_done)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/main.py b/qt/aqt/main.py
index 7fe614c7a..0a7ace8d5 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/main.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/main.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import enum
@@ -120,7 +119,9 @@ class AnkiQt(QMainWindow):
             self.setupAddons(args)
             self.finish_ui_setup()
         except:
-            showInfo(_("Error during startup:\n%s") % traceback.format_exc())
+            showInfo(
+                tr(TR.QT_MISC_ERROR_DURING_STARTUP, val="%s") % traceback.format_exc()
+            )
             sys.exit(1)
         # must call this after ui set up
         if self.safeMode:
@@ -291,10 +292,10 @@ class AnkiQt(QMainWindow):
         return not checkInvalidFilename(name) and name != "addons21"
 
     def onAddProfile(self):
-        name = getOnlyText(_("Name:")).strip()
+        name = getOnlyText(tr(TR.ACTIONS_NAME)).strip()
         if name:
             if name in self.pm.profiles():
-                return showWarning(_("Name exists."))
+                return showWarning(tr(TR.QT_MISC_NAME_EXISTS))
             if not self.profileNameOk(name):
                 return
             self.pm.create(name)
@@ -302,13 +303,13 @@ class AnkiQt(QMainWindow):
             self.refreshProfilesList()
 
     def onRenameProfile(self):
-        name = getOnlyText(_("New name:"), default=self.pm.name).strip()
+        name = getOnlyText(tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW_NAME), default=self.pm.name).strip()
         if not name:
             return
         if name == self.pm.name:
             return
         if name in self.pm.profiles():
-            return showWarning(_("Name exists."))
+            return showWarning(tr(TR.QT_MISC_NAME_EXISTS))
         if not self.profileNameOk(name):
             return
         self.pm.rename(name)
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ class AnkiQt(QMainWindow):
     def onRemProfile(self):
         profs = self.pm.profiles()
         if len(profs) < 2:
-            return showWarning(_("There must be at least one profile."))
+            return showWarning(tr(TR.QT_MISC_THERE_MUST_BE_AT_LEAST_ONE))
         # sure?
         if not askUser(
             _(
@@ -348,7 +349,7 @@ Replace your collection with an earlier backup?"""
 
         getFile(
             self.profileDiag,
-            _("Revert to backup"),
+            tr(TR.QT_MISC_REVERT_TO_BACKUP),
             cb=doOpen,
             filter="*.colpkg",
             dir=self.pm.backupFolder(),
@@ -359,11 +360,7 @@ Replace your collection with an earlier backup?"""
             # move the existing collection to the trash, as it may not open
             self.pm.trashCollection()
         except:
-            showWarning(
-                _(
-                    "Unable to move existing file to trash - please try restarting your computer."
-                )
-            )
+            showWarning(tr(TR.QT_MISC_UNABLE_TO_MOVE_EXISTING_FILE_TO))
             return
 
         self.pendingImport = path
@@ -553,9 +550,9 @@ close the profile or restart Anki."""
         if not self.col:
             return
         if self.restoringBackup:
-            label = _("Closing...")
+            label = tr(TR.QT_MISC_CLOSING)
         else:
-            label = _("Backing Up...")
+            label = tr(TR.QT_MISC_BACKING_UP)
         self.progress.start(label=label)
         corrupt = False
         try:
@@ -641,7 +638,7 @@ from the profile screen."
         # have two weeks passed?
         if (intTime() - self.pm.profile["lastOptimize"]) < 86400 * 14:
             return
-        self.progress.start(label=_("Optimizing..."))
+        self.progress.start(label=tr(TR.QT_MISC_OPTIMIZING))
         self.col.optimize()
         self.pm.profile["lastOptimize"] = intTime()
         self.pm.save()
@@ -672,7 +669,7 @@ from the profile screen."
     def _selectedDeck(self) -> Optional[Deck]:
         did = self.col.decks.selected()
         if not self.col.decks.nameOrNone(did):
-            showInfo(_("Please select a deck."))
+            showInfo(tr(TR.QT_MISC_PLEASE_SELECT_A_DECK))
             return None
         return self.col.decks.get(did)
 
@@ -732,8 +729,8 @@ from the profile screen."
             return
         web_context = ResetRequired(self)
         self.web.set_bridge_command(lambda url: self.delayedMaybeReset(), web_context)
-        i = _("Waiting for editing to finish.")
-        b = self.button("refresh", _("Resume Now"), id="resume")
+        i = tr(TR.QT_MISC_WAITING_FOR_EDITING_TO_FINISH)
+        b = self.button("refresh", tr(TR.QT_MISC_RESUME_NOW), id="resume")
         self.web.stdHtml(
             """
 <center><div style="height: 100%%">
@@ -762,7 +759,7 @@ from the profile screen."
     ) -> str:
         class_ = "but " + class_
         if key:
-            key = _("Shortcut key: %s") % key
+            key = tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % key
         else:
             key = ""
         return """
@@ -1033,17 +1030,19 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
             gui_hooks.review_did_undo(cid)
         else:
             self.reset()
-            tooltip(_("Reverted to state prior to '%s'.") % n.lower())
+            tooltip(tr(TR.QT_MISC_REVERTED_TO_STATE_PRIOR_TO, val="%s") % n.lower())
             gui_hooks.state_did_revert(n)
         self.maybeEnableUndo()
 
     def maybeEnableUndo(self) -> None:
         if self.col and self.col.undoName():
-            self.form.actionUndo.setText(_("Undo %s") % self.col.undoName())
+            self.form.actionUndo.setText(
+                tr(TR.QT_MISC_UNDO2, val="%s") % self.col.undoName()
+            )
             self.form.actionUndo.setEnabled(True)
             gui_hooks.undo_state_did_change(True)
         else:
-            self.form.actionUndo.setText(_("Undo"))
+            self.form.actionUndo.setText(tr(TR.QT_MISC_UNDO))
             self.form.actionUndo.setEnabled(False)
             gui_hooks.undo_state_did_change(False)
 
@@ -1119,7 +1118,7 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
         import aqt.importing
 
         if not os.path.exists(path):
-            showInfo(_("Please use File>Import to import this file."))
+            showInfo(tr(TR.QT_MISC_PLEASE_USE_FILEIMPORT_TO_IMPORT_THIS))
             return None
 
         aqt.importing.importFile(self, path)
@@ -1161,9 +1160,9 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
         if not search:
             if not deck["dyn"]:
                 search = 'deck:"%s" ' % deck["name"]
-        while self.col.decks.id_for_name(_("Filtered Deck %d") % n):
+        while self.col.decks.id_for_name(tr(TR.QT_MISC_FILTERED_DECK, val="%s") % n):
             n += 1
-        name = _("Filtered Deck %d") % n
+        name = tr(TR.QT_MISC_FILTERED_DECK, val="%s") % n
         did = self.col.decks.new_filtered(name)
         diag = aqt.dyndeckconf.DeckConf(self, first=True, search=search)
         if not diag.ok:
@@ -1537,7 +1536,7 @@ will be lost. Continue?"""
             )
             frm.log.appendPlainText(to_append)
         except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            to_append = _("<non-unicode text>")
+            to_append = tr(TR.QT_MISC_NON_UNICODE_TEXT)
             to_append = gui_hooks.debug_console_did_evaluate_python(
                 to_append, text, frm
             )
@@ -1600,9 +1599,9 @@ will be lost. Continue?"""
                 return None
             self.pendingImport = buf
             if is_addon:
-                msg = _("Add-on will be installed when a profile is opened.")
+                msg = tr(TR.QT_MISC_ADDON_WILL_BE_INSTALLED_WHEN_A)
             else:
-                msg = _("Deck will be imported when a profile is opened.")
+                msg = tr(TR.QT_MISC_DECK_WILL_BE_IMPORTED_WHEN_A)
             return tooltip(msg)
         if not self.interactiveState() or self.progress.busy():
             # we can't raise the main window while in profile dialog, syncing, etc
diff --git a/qt/aqt/modelchooser.py b/qt/aqt/modelchooser.py
index 36d78a2dd..6f0dfedc6 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/modelchooser.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/modelchooser.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Optional
 from anki.lang import _
 from aqt import AnkiQt, gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import shortcut
+from aqt.utils import TR, shortcut, tr
 
 
 class ModelChooser(QHBoxLayout):
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ class ModelChooser(QHBoxLayout):
 
     def setupModels(self) -> None:
         if self.label:
-            self.modelLabel = QLabel(_("Type"))
+            self.modelLabel = QLabel(tr(TR.NOTETYPES_TYPE))
             self.addWidget(self.modelLabel)
         # models box
         self.models = QPushButton()
-        self.models.setToolTip(shortcut(_("Change Note Type (Ctrl+N)")))
+        self.models.setToolTip(shortcut(tr(TR.QT_MISC_CHANGE_NOTE_TYPE_CTRLANDN)))
         QShortcut(QKeySequence("Ctrl+N"), self.widget, activated=self.on_activated)  # type: ignore
         self.models.setAutoDefault(False)
         self.addWidget(self.models)
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class ModelChooser(QHBoxLayout):
 
         current = self.deck.models.current()["name"]
         # edit button
-        edit = QPushButton(_("Manage"), clicked=self.onEdit)  # type: ignore
+        edit = QPushButton(tr(TR.QT_MISC_MANAGE), clicked=self.onEdit)  # type: ignore
 
         def nameFunc():
             return sorted(self.deck.models.allNames())
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ class ModelChooser(QHBoxLayout):
         ret = StudyDeck(
             self.mw,
             names=nameFunc,
-            accept=_("Choose"),
-            title=_("Choose Note Type"),
+            accept=tr(TR.ACTIONS_CHOOSE),
+            title=tr(TR.QT_MISC_CHOOSE_NOTE_TYPE),
             help="_notes",
             current=current,
             parent=self.widget,
diff --git a/qt/aqt/models.py b/qt/aqt/models.py
index dcb41f7de..402299756 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/models.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/models.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from anki.rsbackend import pb
 from aqt import AnkiQt, gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import (
+    TR,
     askUser,
     getText,
     maybeHideClose,
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ from aqt.utils import (
     restoreGeom,
     saveGeom,
     showInfo,
+    tr,
 )
 
 
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ class Models(QDialog):
         self.col = mw.col.weakref()
         assert self.col
         self.mm = self.col.models
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Note Types"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.NOTETYPES_NOTE_TYPES))
         self.form = aqt.forms.models.Ui_Dialog()
         self.form.setupUi(self)
         qconnect(
@@ -54,20 +56,20 @@ class Models(QDialog):
         box = f.buttonBox
 
         default_buttons = [
-            (_("Add"), self.onAdd),
-            (_("Rename"), self.onRename),
-            (_("Delete"), self.onDelete),
+            (tr(TR.ACTIONS_ADD), self.onAdd),
+            (tr(TR.ACTIONS_RENAME), self.onRename),
+            (tr(TR.ACTIONS_DELETE), self.onDelete),
         ]
 
         if self.fromMain:
             default_buttons.extend(
                 [
-                    (_("Fields..."), self.onFields),
-                    (_("Cards..."), self.onCards),
+                    (tr(TR.NOTETYPES_FIELDS), self.onFields),
+                    (tr(TR.NOTETYPES_CARDS), self.onCards),
                 ]
             )
 
-        default_buttons.append((_("Options..."), self.onAdvanced))
+        default_buttons.append((tr(TR.NOTETYPES_OPTIONS), self.onAdvanced))
 
         for label, func in gui_hooks.models_did_init_buttons(default_buttons, self):
             button = box.addButton(label, QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ class Models(QDialog):
 
     def onRename(self) -> None:
         nt = self.current_notetype()
-        txt = getText(_("New name:"), default=nt["name"])
+        txt = getText(tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW_NAME), default=nt["name"])
         name = txt[0].replace('"', "")
         if txt[1] and name:
             nt["name"] = name
@@ -120,20 +122,20 @@ class Models(QDialog):
     def onAdd(self) -> None:
         m = AddModel(self.mw, self).get()
         if m:
-            txt = getText(_("Name:"), default=m["name"])[0].replace('"', "")
+            txt = getText(tr(TR.ACTIONS_NAME), default=m["name"])[0].replace('"', "")
             if txt:
                 m["name"] = txt
             self.saveAndRefresh(m)
 
     def onDelete(self) -> None:
         if len(self.models) < 2:
-            showInfo(_("Please add another note type first."), parent=self)
+            showInfo(tr(TR.NOTETYPES_PLEASE_ADD_ANOTHER_NOTE_TYPE_FIRST), parent=self)
             return
         idx = self.form.modelsList.currentRow()
         if self.models[idx].use_count:
-            msg = _("Delete this note type and all its cards?")
+            msg = tr(TR.NOTETYPES_DELETE_THIS_NOTE_TYPE_AND_ALL)
         else:
-            msg = _("Delete this unused note type?")
+            msg = tr(TR.NOTETYPES_DELETE_THIS_UNUSED_NOTE_TYPE)
         if not askUser(msg, parent=self):
             return
 
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ class Models(QDialog):
         frm.latexsvg.setChecked(nt.get("latexsvg", False))
         frm.latexHeader.setText(nt["latexPre"])
         frm.latexFooter.setText(nt["latexPost"])
-        d.setWindowTitle(_("Options for %s") % nt["name"])
+        d.setWindowTitle(tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS_FOR, val="%s") % nt["name"])
         qconnect(frm.buttonBox.helpRequested, lambda: openHelp("math?id=latex"))
         restoreGeom(d, "modelopts")
         gui_hooks.models_advanced_will_show(d)
@@ -209,12 +211,12 @@ class AddModel(QDialog):
         # standard models
         self.models = []
         for (name, func) in stdmodels.get_stock_notetypes(self.col):
-            item = QListWidgetItem(_("Add: %s") % name)
+            item = QListWidgetItem(tr(TR.NOTETYPES_ADD, val="%s") % name)
             self.dialog.models.addItem(item)
             self.models.append((True, func))
         # add copies
         for m in sorted(self.col.models.all(), key=itemgetter("name")):
-            item = QListWidgetItem(_("Clone: %s") % m["name"])
+            item = QListWidgetItem(tr(TR.NOTETYPES_CLONE, val="%s") % m["name"])
             self.dialog.models.addItem(item)
             self.models.append((False, m))  # type: ignore
         self.dialog.models.setCurrentRow(0)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/overview.py b/qt/aqt/overview.py
index 76203ef56..c53a4798a 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/overview.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/overview.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ from anki.lang import _
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.sound import av_player
 from aqt.toolbar import BottomBar
-from aqt.utils import askUserDialog, openLink, shortcut, tooltip
+from aqt.utils import TR, askUserDialog, openLink, shortcut, tooltip, tr
 
 
 class OverviewBottomBar:
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class Overview:
             self.mw.col.startTimebox()
             self.mw.moveToState("review")
             if self.mw.state == "overview":
-                tooltip(_("No cards are due yet."))
+                tooltip(tr(TR.STUDYING_NO_CARDS_ARE_DUE_YET))
         elif url == "anki":
             print("anki menu")
         elif url == "opts":
@@ -128,13 +127,13 @@ class Overview:
         info = self.mw.col.sched.congratulations_info()
         if info.have_sched_buried and info.have_user_buried:
             opts = [
-                _("Manually Buried Cards"),
-                _("Buried Siblings"),
-                _("All Buried Cards"),
-                _("Cancel"),
+                tr(TR.STUDYING_MANUALLY_BURIED_CARDS),
+                tr(TR.STUDYING_BURIED_SIBLINGS),
+                tr(TR.STUDYING_ALL_BURIED_CARDS),
+                tr(TR.ACTIONS_CANCEL),
             ]
 
-            diag = askUserDialog(_("What would you like to unbury?"), opts)
+            diag = askUserDialog(tr(TR.STUDYING_WHAT_WOULD_YOU_LIKE_TO_UNBURY), opts)
             diag.setDefault(0)
             ret = diag.run()
             if ret == opts[0]:
@@ -226,13 +225,13 @@ to their original deck."""
 </table>
 </td><td align=center>
 %s</td></tr></table>""" % (
-                _("New"),
+                tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW),
                 counts[0],
-                _("Learning"),
+                tr(TR.SCHEDULING_LEARNING),
                 counts[1],
-                _("To Review"),
+                tr(TR.STUDYING_TO_REVIEW),
                 counts[2],
-                but("study", _("Study Now"), id="study", extra=" autofocus"),
+                but("study", tr(TR.STUDYING_STUDY_NOW), id="study", extra=" autofocus"),
             )
 
     _body = """
@@ -249,20 +248,20 @@ to their original deck."""
 
     def _renderBottom(self):
         links = [
-            ["O", "opts", _("Options")],
+            ["O", "opts", tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS)],
         ]
         if self.mw.col.decks.current()["dyn"]:
-            links.append(["R", "refresh", _("Rebuild")])
-            links.append(["E", "empty", _("Empty")])
+            links.append(["R", "refresh", tr(TR.ACTIONS_REBUILD)])
+            links.append(["E", "empty", tr(TR.STUDYING_EMPTY)])
         else:
-            links.append(["C", "studymore", _("Custom Study")])
+            links.append(["C", "studymore", tr(TR.ACTIONS_CUSTOM_STUDY)])
             # links.append(["F", "cram", _("Filter/Cram")])
         if self.mw.col.sched.haveBuried():
-            links.append(["U", "unbury", _("Unbury")])
+            links.append(["U", "unbury", tr(TR.STUDYING_UNBURY)])
         buf = ""
         for b in links:
             if b[0]:
-                b[0] = _("Shortcut key: %s") % shortcut(b[0])
+                b[0] = tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % shortcut(b[0])
             buf += """
 <button title="%s" onclick='pycmd("%s")'>%s</button>""" % tuple(
                 b
diff --git a/qt/aqt/preferences.py b/qt/aqt/preferences.py
index f1d796539..e95d12849 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/preferences.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/preferences.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 import anki.lang
 import aqt
 from anki.lang import _
@@ -69,7 +68,9 @@ class Preferences(QDialog):
     def onLangIdxChanged(self, idx):
         code = anki.lang.langs[idx][1]
         self.mw.pm.setLang(code)
-        showInfo(_("Please restart Anki to complete language change."), parent=self)
+        showInfo(
+            tr(TR.PREFERENCES_PLEASE_RESTART_ANKI_TO_COMPLETE_LANGUAGE), parent=self
+        )
 
     # Collection options
     ######################################################################
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ class Preferences(QDialog):
                     self.mw.pm.setGlMode("auto")
                 else:
                     self.mw.pm.setGlMode("software")
-                showInfo(_("Changes will take effect when you restart Anki."))
+                showInfo(tr(TR.PREFERENCES_CHANGES_WILL_TAKE_EFFECT_WHEN_YOU))
 
         qc = d.conf
         qc["addToCur"] = not f.useCurrent.currentIndex()
@@ -149,11 +150,7 @@ class Preferences(QDialog):
         if haveNew == wantNew:
             return
 
-        if not askUser(
-            _(
-                "This will reset any cards in learning, clear filtered decks, and change the scheduler version. Proceed?"
-            )
-        ):
+        if not askUser(tr(TR.PREFERENCES_THIS_WILL_RESET_ANY_CARDS_IN)):
             return
 
         if wantNew:
@@ -247,4 +244,4 @@ Not currently enabled; click the sync button in the main window to enable."""
         self.mw.pm.set_interrupt_audio(self.form.interrupt_audio.isChecked())
 
         if restart_required:
-            showInfo(_("Changes will take effect when you restart Anki."))
+            showInfo(tr(TR.PREFERENCES_CHANGES_WILL_TAKE_EFFECT_WHEN_YOU))
diff --git a/qt/aqt/previewer.py b/qt/aqt/previewer.py
index 779d9eaf0..5b7525202 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/previewer.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/previewer.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
 # mypy: check-untyped-defs
-
 import json
 import re
 import time
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ from aqt.qt import (
 from aqt.reviewer import replay_audio
 from aqt.sound import av_player, play_clicked_audio
 from aqt.theme import theme_manager
-from aqt.utils import restoreGeom, saveGeom
+from aqt.utils import TR, restoreGeom, saveGeom, tr
 from aqt.webview import AnkiWebView
 
 
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ class Previewer(QDialog):
         self.show()
 
     def _create_gui(self):
-        self.setWindowTitle(_("Preview"))
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr(TR.ACTIONS_PREVIEW))
 
         qconnect(self.finished, self._on_finished)
         self.silentlyClose = True
@@ -73,14 +72,14 @@ class Previewer(QDialog):
         self.bbox = QDialogButtonBox()
 
         self._replay = self.bbox.addButton(
-            _("Replay Audio"), QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole
+            tr(TR.ACTIONS_REPLAY_AUDIO), QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole
         )
         self._replay.setAutoDefault(False)
         self._replay.setShortcut(QKeySequence("R"))
         self._replay.setToolTip(_("Shortcut key: %s" % "R"))
         qconnect(self._replay.clicked, self._on_replay_audio)
 
-        both_sides_button = QCheckBox(_("Back Side Only"))
+        both_sides_button = QCheckBox(tr(TR.QT_MISC_BACK_SIDE_ONLY))
         both_sides_button.setShortcut(QKeySequence("B"))
         both_sides_button.setToolTip(_("Shortcut key: %s" % "B"))
         self.bbox.addButton(both_sides_button, QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ class Previewer(QDialog):
         c = self.card()
         func = "_showQuestion"
         if not c:
-            txt = _("(please select 1 card)")
+            txt = tr(TR.QT_MISC_PLEASE_SELECT_1_CARD)
             bodyclass = ""
             self._last_state = None
         else:
@@ -240,12 +239,12 @@ class MultiCardPreviewer(Previewer):
         self._prev = self.bbox.addButton("<", QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
         self._prev.setAutoDefault(False)
         self._prev.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Left"))
-        self._prev.setToolTip(_("Shortcut key: Left arrow"))
+        self._prev.setToolTip(tr(TR.QT_MISC_SHORTCUT_KEY_LEFT_ARROW))
 
         self._next = self.bbox.addButton(">", QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
         self._next.setAutoDefault(True)
         self._next.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Right"))
-        self._next.setToolTip(_("Shortcut key: Right arrow or Enter"))
+        self._next.setToolTip(tr(TR.QT_MISC_SHORTCUT_KEY_RIGHT_ARROW_OR_ENTER))
 
         qconnect(self._prev.clicked, self._on_prev)
         qconnect(self._next.clicked, self._on_next)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/profiles.py b/qt/aqt/profiles.py
index 351b3dc6a..1617d7be7 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/profiles.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/profiles.py
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
 
-# Profile handling
-##########################################################################
-# - Saves in pickles rather than json to easily store Qt window state.
-# - Saves in sqlite rather than a flat file so the config can't be corrupted
-
 import io
 import locale
 import pickle
@@ -28,6 +23,12 @@ from aqt import appHelpSite
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import TR, locale_dir, showWarning, tr
 
+# Profile handling
+##########################################################################
+# - Saves in pickles rather than json to easily store Qt window state.
+# - Saves in sqlite rather than a flat file so the config can't be corrupted
+
+
 metaConf = dict(
     ver=0,
     updates=True,
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ class ProfileManager:
         except:
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 None,
-                _("Profile Corrupt"),
+                tr(TR.PROFILES_PROFILE_CORRUPT),
                 _(
                     """\
 Anki could not read your profile data. Window sizes and your sync login \
@@ -304,12 +305,13 @@ details have been forgotten."""
                     oldFolder = midFolder
                 else:
                     showWarning(
-                        _("Please remove the folder %s and try again.") % midFolder
+                        tr(TR.PROFILES_PLEASE_REMOVE_THE_FOLDER_AND, val="%s")
+                        % midFolder
                     )
                     self.name = oldName
                     return
             else:
-                showWarning(_("Folder already exists."))
+                showWarning(tr(TR.PROFILES_FOLDER_ALREADY_EXISTS))
                 self.name = oldName
                 return
 
@@ -476,7 +478,7 @@ create table if not exists profiles
 
     def _ensureProfile(self) -> None:
         "Create a new profile if none exists."
-        self.create(_("User 1"))
+        self.create(tr(TR.PROFILES_USER_1))
         p = os.path.join(self.base, "README.txt")
         with open(p, "w", encoding="utf8") as file:
             file.write(
diff --git a/qt/aqt/progress.py b/qt/aqt/progress.py
index 55b771335..c54742cae 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/progress.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/progress.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import time
@@ -10,6 +9,7 @@ from typing import Optional
 import aqt.forms
 from anki.lang import _
 from aqt.qt import *
+from aqt.utils import TR, tr
 
 # Progress info
 ##########################################################################
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class ProgressManager:
         if not parent and self.mw.isVisible():
             parent = self.mw
 
-        label = label or _("Processing...")
+        label = label or tr(TR.QT_MISC_PROCESSING)
         self._win = ProgressDialog(parent)
         self._win.form.progressBar.setMinimum(min)
         self._win.form.progressBar.setMaximum(max)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/reviewer.py b/qt/aqt/reviewer.py
index 9f1f7e50c..c4593183f 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/reviewer.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/reviewer.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import difflib
@@ -22,7 +21,14 @@ from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.sound import av_player, getAudio, play_clicked_audio
 from aqt.theme import theme_manager
 from aqt.toolbar import BottomBar
-from aqt.utils import askUserDialog, downArrow, qtMenuShortcutWorkaround, tooltip
+from aqt.utils import (
+    TR,
+    askUserDialog,
+    downArrow,
+    qtMenuShortcutWorkaround,
+    tooltip,
+    tr,
+)
 from aqt.webview import AnkiWebView
 
 
@@ -92,8 +98,10 @@ class Reviewer:
             )
             mins = int(round(elapsed[0] / 60))
             part2 = ngettext("%s minute.", "%s minutes.", mins) % mins
-            fin = _("Finish")
-            diag = askUserDialog("%s %s" % (part1, part2), [_("Continue"), fin])
+            fin = tr(TR.STUDYING_FINISH)
+            diag = askUserDialog(
+                "%s %s" % (part1, part2), [tr(TR.STUDYING_CONTINUE), fin]
+            )
             diag.setIcon(QMessageBox.Information)
             if diag.run() == fin:
                 return self.mw.moveToState("deckBrowser")
@@ -388,7 +396,7 @@ class Reviewer:
 Please run Tools>Empty Cards"""
                     )
                 else:
-                    warn = _("Type answer: unknown field %s") % fld
+                    warn = tr(TR.STUDYING_TYPE_ANSWER_UNKNOWN_FIELD, val="%s") % fld
                 return re.sub(self.typeAnsPat, warn, buf)
             else:
                 # empty field, remove type answer pattern
@@ -569,9 +577,9 @@ time = %(time)d;
 </script>
 """ % dict(
             rem=self._remaining(),
-            edit=_("Edit"),
-            editkey=_("Shortcut key: %s") % "E",
-            more=_("More"),
+            edit=tr(TR.STUDYING_EDIT),
+            editkey=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % "E",
+            more=tr(TR.STUDYING_MORE),
             downArrow=downArrow(),
             time=self.card.timeTaken() // 1000,
         )
@@ -581,8 +589,8 @@ time = %(time)d;
 <span class=stattxt>%s</span><br>
 <button title="%s" id="ansbut" class="focus" onclick='pycmd("ans");'>%s</button>""" % (
             self._remaining(),
-            _("Shortcut key: %s") % _("Space"),
-            _("Show Answer"),
+            tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % tr(TR.STUDYING_SPACE),
+            tr(TR.STUDYING_SHOW_ANSWER),
         )
         # wrap it in a table so it has the same top margin as the ease buttons
         middle = (
@@ -626,17 +634,21 @@ time = %(time)d;
         button_count = self.mw.col.sched.answerButtons(self.card)
         if button_count == 2:
             buttons_tuple: Tuple[Tuple[int, str], ...] = (
-                (1, _("Again")),
-                (2, _("Good")),
+                (1, tr(TR.STUDYING_AGAIN)),
+                (2, tr(TR.STUDYING_GOOD)),
             )
         elif button_count == 3:
-            buttons_tuple = ((1, _("Again")), (2, _("Good")), (3, _("Easy")))
+            buttons_tuple = (
+                (1, tr(TR.STUDYING_AGAIN)),
+                (2, tr(TR.STUDYING_GOOD)),
+                (3, tr(TR.STUDYING_EASY)),
+            )
         else:
             buttons_tuple = (
-                (1, _("Again")),
-                (2, _("Hard")),
-                (3, _("Good")),
-                (4, _("Easy")),
+                (1, tr(TR.STUDYING_AGAIN)),
+                (2, tr(TR.STUDYING_HARD)),
+                (3, tr(TR.STUDYING_GOOD)),
+                (4, tr(TR.STUDYING_EASY)),
             )
         buttons_tuple = gui_hooks.reviewer_will_init_answer_buttons(
             buttons_tuple, self, self.card
@@ -657,7 +669,7 @@ time = %(time)d;
 %s</button></td>""" % (
                 due,
                 extra,
-                _("Shortcut key: %s") % i,
+                tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % i,
                 i,
                 i,
                 label,
@@ -682,9 +694,9 @@ time = %(time)d;
 
     def onLeech(self, card: Card) -> None:
         # for now
-        s = _("Card was a leech.")
+        s = tr(TR.STUDYING_CARD_WAS_A_LEECH)
         if card.queue < 0:
-            s += " " + _("It has been suspended.")
+            s += " " + tr(TR.STUDYING_IT_HAS_BEEN_SUSPENDED)
         tooltip(s)
 
     # Context menu
@@ -695,48 +707,48 @@ time = %(time)d;
         currentFlag = self.card and self.card.userFlag()
         opts = [
             [
-                _("Flag Card"),
+                tr(TR.STUDYING_FLAG_CARD),
                 [
                     [
-                        _("Red Flag"),
+                        tr(TR.ACTIONS_RED_FLAG),
                         "Ctrl+1",
                         lambda: self.setFlag(1),
                         dict(checked=currentFlag == 1),
                     ],
                     [
-                        _("Orange Flag"),
+                        tr(TR.ACTIONS_ORANGE_FLAG),
                         "Ctrl+2",
                         lambda: self.setFlag(2),
                         dict(checked=currentFlag == 2),
                     ],
                     [
-                        _("Green Flag"),
+                        tr(TR.ACTIONS_GREEN_FLAG),
                         "Ctrl+3",
                         lambda: self.setFlag(3),
                         dict(checked=currentFlag == 3),
                     ],
                     [
-                        _("Blue Flag"),
+                        tr(TR.ACTIONS_BLUE_FLAG),
                         "Ctrl+4",
                         lambda: self.setFlag(4),
                         dict(checked=currentFlag == 4),
                     ],
                 ],
             ],
-            [_("Mark Note"), "*", self.onMark],
-            [_("Bury Card"), "-", self.onBuryCard],
-            [_("Bury Note"), "=", self.onBuryNote],
-            [_("Suspend Card"), "@", self.onSuspendCard],
-            [_("Suspend Note"), "!", self.onSuspend],
-            [_("Delete Note"), "Ctrl+Delete", self.onDelete],
-            [_("Options"), "O", self.onOptions],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_MARK_NOTE), "*", self.onMark],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_BURY_CARD), "-", self.onBuryCard],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_BURY_NOTE), "=", self.onBuryNote],
+            [tr(TR.ACTIONS_SUSPEND_CARD), "@", self.onSuspendCard],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_SUSPEND_NOTE), "!", self.onSuspend],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_DELETE_NOTE), "Ctrl+Delete", self.onDelete],
+            [tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS), "O", self.onOptions],
             None,
-            [_("Replay Audio"), "R", self.replayAudio],
-            [_("Pause Audio"), "5", self.on_pause_audio],
-            [_("Audio -5s"), "6", self.on_seek_backward],
-            [_("Audio +5s"), "7", self.on_seek_forward],
-            [_("Record Own Voice"), "Shift+V", self.onRecordVoice],
-            [_("Replay Own Voice"), "V", self.onReplayRecorded],
+            [tr(TR.ACTIONS_REPLAY_AUDIO), "R", self.replayAudio],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_PAUSE_AUDIO), "5", self.on_pause_audio],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_AUDIO_5S), "6", self.on_seek_backward],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_AUDIO_AND5S), "7", self.on_seek_forward],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_RECORD_OWN_VOICE), "Shift+V", self.onRecordVoice],
+            [tr(TR.STUDYING_REPLAY_OWN_VOICE), "V", self.onReplayRecorded],
         ]
         return opts
 
@@ -793,15 +805,15 @@ time = %(time)d;
         self._drawMark()
 
     def onSuspend(self) -> None:
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Suspend"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.STUDYING_SUSPEND))
         self.mw.col.sched.suspend_cards([c.id for c in self.card.note().cards()])
-        tooltip(_("Note suspended."))
+        tooltip(tr(TR.STUDYING_NOTE_SUSPENDED))
         self.mw.reset()
 
     def onSuspendCard(self) -> None:
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Suspend"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.STUDYING_SUSPEND))
         self.mw.col.sched.suspend_cards([self.card.id])
-        tooltip(_("Card suspended."))
+        tooltip(tr(TR.STUDYING_CARD_SUSPENDED))
         self.mw.reset()
 
     def onDelete(self) -> None:
@@ -809,7 +821,7 @@ time = %(time)d;
         # window
         if self.mw.state != "review" or not self.card:
             return
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Delete"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.ACTIONS_DELETE))
         cnt = len(self.card.note().cards())
         self.mw.col.remove_notes([self.card.note().id])
         self.mw.reset()
@@ -821,16 +833,16 @@ time = %(time)d;
         )
 
     def onBuryCard(self) -> None:
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Bury"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.STUDYING_BURY))
         self.mw.col.sched.bury_cards([self.card.id])
         self.mw.reset()
-        tooltip(_("Card buried."))
+        tooltip(tr(TR.STUDYING_CARD_BURIED))
 
     def onBuryNote(self) -> None:
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Bury"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.STUDYING_BURY))
         self.mw.col.sched.bury_note(self.card.note())
         self.mw.reset()
-        tooltip(_("Note buried."))
+        tooltip(tr(TR.STUDYING_NOTE_BURIED))
 
     def onRecordVoice(self) -> None:
         self._recordedAudio = getAudio(self.mw, encode=False)
@@ -838,6 +850,6 @@ time = %(time)d;
 
     def onReplayRecorded(self) -> None:
         if not self._recordedAudio:
-            tooltip(_("You haven't recorded your voice yet."))
+            tooltip(tr(TR.STUDYING_YOU_HAVENT_RECORDED_YOUR_VOICE_YET))
             return
         av_player.play_file(self._recordedAudio)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/sidebar.py b/qt/aqt/sidebar.py
index 8daf31090..e80ff4383 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/sidebar.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/sidebar.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from enum import Enum
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ import aqt
 from anki.errors import DeckRenameError
 from anki.lang import _
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import getOnlyText, showWarning
+from aqt.utils import TR, getOnlyText, showWarning, tr
 
 
 class SidebarItemType(Enum):
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ class NewSidebarTreeView(SidebarTreeViewBase):
         self.setContextMenuPolicy(Qt.CustomContextMenu)
         self.customContextMenuRequested.connect(self.onContextMenu)  # type: ignore
         self.context_menus = {
-            SidebarItemType.DECK: ((_("Rename"), self.rename_deck),),
+            SidebarItemType.DECK: ((tr(TR.ACTIONS_RENAME), self.rename_deck),),
         }
 
     def onContextMenu(self, point: QPoint) -> None:
@@ -92,10 +91,10 @@ class NewSidebarTreeView(SidebarTreeViewBase):
         m.exec_(QCursor.pos())
 
     def rename_deck(self, item: "aqt.browser.SidebarItem") -> None:
-        self.mw.checkpoint(_("Rename Deck"))
+        self.mw.checkpoint(tr(TR.ACTIONS_RENAME_DECK))
         deck = self.mw.col.decks.get(item.id)
         old_name = deck["name"]
-        new_name = getOnlyText(_("New deck name:"), default=old_name)
+        new_name = getOnlyText(tr(TR.DECKS_NEW_DECK_NAME), default=old_name)
         new_name = new_name.replace('"', "")
         if not new_name or new_name == old_name:
             return
diff --git a/qt/aqt/sound.py b/qt/aqt/sound.py
index 1c28b5e43..83a0a9fcb 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/sound.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/sound.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.mpv import MPV, MPVBase, MPVCommandError
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.taskman import TaskManager
-from aqt.utils import restoreGeom, saveGeom, showWarning, startup_info
+from aqt.utils import TR, restoreGeom, saveGeom, showWarning, startup_info, tr
 
 try:
     import pyaudio
@@ -318,11 +318,7 @@ class SimpleProcessPlayer(Player):  # pylint: disable=abstract-method
         try:
             ret.result()
         except FileNotFoundError:
-            showWarning(
-                _(
-                    "Sound and video on cards will not function until mpv or mplayer is installed."
-                )
-            )
+            showWarning(tr(TR.MEDIA_SOUND_AND_VIDEO_ON_CARDS_WILL))
             # must call cb() here, as we don't currently have another way
             # to flag to av_player that we've stopped
         cb()
@@ -499,7 +495,7 @@ class _Recorder:
             finally:
                 self.cleanup()
             if ret:
-                raise Exception(_("Error running %s") % " ".join(cmd))
+                raise Exception(tr(TR.MEDIA_ERROR_RUNNING, val="%s") % " ".join(cmd))
 
     def cleanup(self) -> None:
         if os.path.exists(processingSrc):
@@ -596,10 +592,10 @@ def getAudio(parent: QWidget, encode: bool = True) -> Optional[str]:
     restoreGeom(mb, "audioRecorder")
     mb.setWindowTitle("Anki")
     mb.setIconPixmap(QPixmap(":/icons/media-record.png"))
-    but = QPushButton(_("Save"))
+    but = QPushButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_SAVE))
     mb.addButton(but, QMessageBox.AcceptRole)
     but.setDefault(True)
-    but = QPushButton(_("Cancel"))
+    but = QPushButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_CANCEL))
     mb.addButton(but, QMessageBox.RejectRole)
     mb.setEscapeButton(but)
     t = time.time()
@@ -607,7 +603,7 @@ def getAudio(parent: QWidget, encode: bool = True) -> Optional[str]:
     time.sleep(r.startupDelay)
     QApplication.instance().processEvents()  # type: ignore
     while not mb.clickedButton():
-        txt = _("Recording...<br>Time: %0.1f")
+        txt = tr(TR.MEDIA_RECORDINGTIME)
         mb.setText(txt % (time.time() - t))
         mb.show()
         QApplication.instance().processEvents()  # type: ignore
diff --git a/qt/aqt/studydeck.py b/qt/aqt/studydeck.py
index 78482ab48..0b4d0b400 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/studydeck.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/studydeck.py
@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 import aqt
 from anki.lang import _
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import getOnlyText, openHelp, restoreGeom, saveGeom, shortcut, showInfo
+from aqt.utils import (
+    TR,
+    getOnlyText,
+    openHelp,
+    restoreGeom,
+    saveGeom,
+    shortcut,
+    showInfo,
+    tr,
+)
 
 
 class StudyDeck(QDialog):
@@ -43,9 +51,9 @@ class StudyDeck(QDialog):
             for b in buttons:
                 self.form.buttonBox.addButton(b, QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
         else:
-            b = QPushButton(_("Add"))
+            b = QPushButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_ADD))
             b.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Ctrl+N"))
-            b.setToolTip(shortcut(_("Add New Deck (Ctrl+N)")))
+            b.setToolTip(shortcut(tr(TR.DECKS_ADD_NEW_DECK_CTRLANDN)))
             self.form.buttonBox.addButton(b, QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
             qconnect(b.clicked, self.onAddDeck)
         if title:
@@ -64,7 +72,7 @@ class StudyDeck(QDialog):
             self.origNames = names()
         self.name = None
         self.ok = self.form.buttonBox.addButton(
-            accept or _("Study"), QDialogButtonBox.AcceptRole
+            accept or tr(TR.DECKS_STUDY), QDialogButtonBox.AcceptRole
         )
         self.setWindowModality(Qt.WindowModal)
         qconnect(self.form.buttonBox.helpRequested, lambda: openHelp(help))
@@ -132,7 +140,7 @@ class StudyDeck(QDialog):
         gui_hooks.state_did_reset.remove(self.onReset)
         row = self.form.list.currentRow()
         if row < 0:
-            showInfo(_("Please select something."))
+            showInfo(tr(TR.DECKS_PLEASE_SELECT_SOMETHING))
             return
         self.name = self.names[self.form.list.currentRow()]
         QDialog.accept(self)
@@ -148,7 +156,7 @@ class StudyDeck(QDialog):
             default = self.form.filter.text()
         else:
             default = self.names[self.form.list.currentRow()]
-        n = getOnlyText(_("New deck name:"), default=default)
+        n = getOnlyText(tr(TR.DECKS_NEW_DECK_NAME), default=default)
         n = n.strip()
         if n:
             did = self.mw.col.decks.id(n)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/toolbar.py b/qt/aqt/toolbar.py
index 3a9f668df..54fc60894 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/toolbar.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/toolbar.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ from anki.rsbackend import SyncStatus
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.sync import get_sync_status
+from aqt.utils import TR, tr
 from aqt.webview import AnkiWebView
 
 
@@ -102,30 +102,30 @@ class Toolbar:
         links = [
             self.create_link(
                 "decks",
-                _("Decks"),
+                tr(TR.ACTIONS_DECKS),
                 self._deckLinkHandler,
-                tip=_("Shortcut key: %s") % "D",
+                tip=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % "D",
                 id="decks",
             ),
             self.create_link(
                 "add",
-                _("Add"),
+                tr(TR.ACTIONS_ADD),
                 self._addLinkHandler,
-                tip=_("Shortcut key: %s") % "A",
+                tip=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % "A",
                 id="add",
             ),
             self.create_link(
                 "browse",
-                _("Browse"),
+                tr(TR.QT_MISC_BROWSE),
                 self._browseLinkHandler,
-                tip=_("Shortcut key: %s") % "B",
+                tip=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % "B",
                 id="browse",
             ),
             self.create_link(
                 "stats",
-                _("Stats"),
+                tr(TR.QT_MISC_STATS),
                 self._statsLinkHandler,
-                tip=_("Shortcut key: %s") % "T",
+                tip=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % "T",
                 id="stats",
             ),
         ]
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ class Toolbar:
     ######################################################################
 
     def _create_sync_link(self) -> str:
-        name = _("Sync")
-        title = _("Shortcut key: %s") % "Y"
+        name = tr(TR.QT_MISC_SYNC)
+        title = tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="%s") % "Y"
         label = "sync"
         self.link_handlers[label] = self._syncLinkHandler
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/update.py b/qt/aqt/update.py
index 8b179f65f..51eb57668 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/update.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/update.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import aqt
 from anki.lang import _
 from anki.utils import platDesc, versionWithBuild
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import openLink, showText
+from aqt.utils import TR, openLink, showText, tr
 
 
 class LatestVersionFinder(QThread):
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ class LatestVersionFinder(QThread):
 
 
 def askAndUpdate(mw, ver):
-    baseStr = _("""<h1>Anki Updated</h1>Anki %s has been released.<br><br>""") % ver
+    baseStr = tr(TR.QT_MISC_ANKI_UPDATEDANKI_HAS_BEEN_RELEASED, val="%s") % ver
     msg = QMessageBox(mw)
     msg.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No)  # type: ignore
     msg.setIcon(QMessageBox.Information)
-    msg.setText(baseStr + _("Would you like to download it now?"))
-    button = QPushButton(_("Ignore this update"))
+    msg.setText(baseStr + tr(TR.QT_MISC_WOULD_YOU_LIKE_TO_DOWNLOAD_IT))
+    button = QPushButton(tr(TR.QT_MISC_IGNORE_THIS_UPDATE))
     msg.addButton(button, QMessageBox.RejectRole)
     msg.setDefaultButton(QMessageBox.Yes)
     ret = msg.exec_()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/utils.py b/qt/aqt/utils.py
index 615a2a204..d7679f173 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/utils.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/utils.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ def openHelp(section):
 
 
 def openLink(link):
-    tooltip(_("Loading..."), period=1000)
+    tooltip(tr(TR.QT_MISC_LOADING), period=1000)
     with noBundledLibs():
         QDesktopServices.openUrl(QUrl(link))
 
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ def showText(
         def onCopy():
             QApplication.clipboard().setText(text.toPlainText())
 
-        btn = QPushButton(_("Copy to Clipboard"))
+        btn = QPushButton(tr(TR.QT_MISC_COPY_TO_CLIPBOARD))
         qconnect(btn.clicked, onCopy)
         box.addButton(btn, QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
 
@@ -209,8 +208,8 @@ class ButtonedDialog(QMessageBox):
         for b in buttons:
             self._buttons.append(self.addButton(b, QMessageBox.AcceptRole))
         if help:
-            self.addButton(_("Help"), QMessageBox.HelpRole)
-            buttons.append(_("Help"))
+            self.addButton(tr(TR.ACTIONS_HELP), QMessageBox.HelpRole)
+            buttons.append(tr(TR.ACTIONS_HELP))
         # self.setLayout(v)
 
     def run(self):
@@ -408,9 +407,7 @@ def getSaveFile(parent, title, dir_description, key, ext, fname=None):
         aqt.mw.pm.profile[config_key] = dir
         # check if it exists
         if os.path.exists(file):
-            if not askUser(
-                _("This file exists. Are you sure you want to overwrite it?"), parent
-            ):
+            if not askUser(tr(TR.QT_MISC_THIS_FILE_EXISTS_ARE_YOU_SURE), parent):
                 return None
     return file
 
@@ -656,7 +653,7 @@ def closeTooltip():
 def checkInvalidFilename(str, dirsep=True):
     bad = invalidFilename(str, dirsep)
     if bad:
-        showWarning(_("The following character can not be used: %s") % bad)
+        showWarning(tr(TR.QT_MISC_THE_FOLLOWING_CHARACTER_CAN_NOT_BE, val="%s") % bad)
         return True
     return False
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/webview.py b/qt/aqt/webview.py
index e02924cbe..de2363a6d 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/webview.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/webview.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
-
 import dataclasses
 import json
 import re
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ from anki.utils import isLin, isMac, isWin
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.theme import theme_manager
-from aqt.utils import openLink, showInfo
+from aqt.utils import TR, openLink, showInfo, tr
 
 serverbaseurl = re.compile(r"^.+:\/\/[^\/]+")
 
@@ -286,7 +285,7 @@ class AnkiWebView(QWebEngineView):
 
     def contextMenuEvent(self, evt: QContextMenuEvent) -> None:
         m = QMenu(self)
-        a = m.addAction(_("Copy"))
+        a = m.addAction(tr(TR.ACTIONS_COPY))
         qconnect(a.triggered, self.onCopy)
         gui_hooks.webview_will_show_context_menu(self, m)
         m.popup(QCursor.pos())
diff --git a/repos.bzl b/repos.bzl
index c922129bd..11254554a 100644
--- a/repos.bzl
+++ b/repos.bzl
@@ -129,44 +129,49 @@ def register_repos():
     qtpo_i18n_commit = "872d7f0f6bde52577e8fc795dd85699b0eeb97d5"
     qtpo_i18n_shallow_since = "1605564627 +0000"
 
-    new_git_repository(
-        name = "rslib_ftl",
-        build_file_content = """
+    i18n_build_content = """
 filegroup(
     name = "files",
     srcs = glob(["**/*.ftl"]),
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
-
 exports_files(["l10n.toml"])
-    """,
-        commit = core_i18n_commit,
-        shallow_since = core_i18n_shallow_since,
-        remote = "https://github.com/ankitects/anki-core-i18n",
+"""
+
+    native.new_local_repository(
+        name = "rslib_ftl",
+        path = "../anki-i18n/core",
+        build_file_content = i18n_build_content,
     )
 
-    if not native.existing_rule("extra_ftl"):
-        new_git_repository(
-            name = "extra_ftl",
-            build_file_content = """
-filegroup(
-    name = "files",
-    srcs = glob(["**/*.ftl"]),
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
+    # new_git_repository(
+    #     name = "rslib_ftl",
+    #     build_file_content = i18n_build_content,
+    #     commit = core_i18n_commit,
+    #     shallow_since = core_i18n_shallow_since,
+    #     remote = "https://github.com/ankitects/anki-core-i18n",
+    # )
 
-exports_files(["l10n.toml"])
-""",
-            commit = qtftl_i18n_commit,
-            shallow_since = qtftl_i18n_shallow_since,
-            remote = "https://github.com/ankitects/anki-desktop-ftl",
+    if not native.existing_rule("extra_ftl"):
+        native.new_local_repository(
+            name = "extra_ftl",
+            path = "../anki-i18n/qtftl",
+            build_file_content = i18n_build_content,
         )
 
+        # new_git_repository(
+        #     name = "extra_ftl",
+        #     build_file_content = i18n_build_content,
+        #     commit = qtftl_i18n_commit,
+        #     shallow_since = qtftl_i18n_shallow_since,
+        #     remote = "https://github.com/ankitects/anki-desktop-ftl",
+        # )
+
     new_git_repository(
         name = "aqt_po",
         build_file_content = """
 exports_files(glob(["**/*.pot", "**/*.po"]),
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )    
     """,
         commit = qtpo_i18n_commit,
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/actions.ftl b/rslib/ftl/actions.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5822bb7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/actions.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+actions-add = Add
+actions-blue-flag = Blue Flag
+actions-cancel = Cancel
+actions-choose = Choose
+actions-close = Close
+actions-copy = Copy
+actions-custom-study = Custom Study
+actions-decks = Decks
+actions-delete = Delete
+actions-export = Export
+actions-filter = Filter
+actions-green-flag = Green Flag
+actions-help = Help
+actions-import = Import
+actions-manage = Manage...
+actions-name = Name:
+actions-new = New
+actions-new-name = New name:
+actions-options = Options
+actions-options-for = Options for { $val }
+actions-orange-flag = Orange Flag
+actions-preview = Preview
+actions-rebuild = Rebuild
+actions-red-flag = Red Flag
+actions-rename = Rename
+actions-rename-deck = Rename Deck
+actions-replay-audio = Replay Audio
+actions-reposition = Reposition
+actions-save = Save
+actions-search = Search
+actions-shortcut-key = Shortcut key: { $val }
+actions-suspend-card = Suspend Card
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/adding.ftl b/rslib/ftl/adding.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03ea6b865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/adding.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+adding-add-shortcut-ctrlandenter = Add (shortcut: ctrl+enter)
+adding-added = Added
+adding-close-and-lose-current-input = Close and lose current input?
+adding-edit = Edit "{ $val }"
+adding-history = History
+adding-note-deleted = (Note deleted)
+adding-shortcut = Shortcut: { $val }
+adding-the-first-field-is-empty = The first field is empty.
+adding-you-have-a-cloze-deletion-note = You have a cloze deletion note type but have not made any cloze deletions. Proceed?
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/browsing.ftl b/rslib/ftl/browsing.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5e120ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/browsing.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+browsing-add-notes = Add Notes...
+browsing-add-tags = Add Tags
+browsing-add-tags2 = Add Tags...
+browsing-added-today = Added Today
+browsing-addon = Add-on
+browsing-again-today = Again Today
+browsing-all-card-types = All Card Types
+browsing-all-fields = All Fields
+browsing-answer = Answer
+browsing-any-cards-mapped-to-nothing-will = Any cards mapped to nothing will be deleted. If a note has no remaining cards, it will be lost. Are you sure you want to continue?
+browsing-any-flag = Any Flag
+browsing-browser-appearance = Browser Appearance
+browsing-browser-options = Browser Options
+browsing-buried = Buried
+browsing-card = Card
+browsing-card-list = Card List
+browsing-card-state = Card State
+browsing-cards-cant-be-manually-moved-into = Cards can't be manually moved into a filtered deck.
+browsing-change-deck = Change Deck
+browsing-change-deck2 = Change Deck...
+browsing-change-note-type = Change Note Type
+browsing-change-note-type2 = Change Note Type...
+browsing-change-to = Change { $val } to:
+browsing-clear-unused = Clear Unused
+browsing-clear-unused-tags = Clear Unused Tags
+browsing-created = Created
+browsing-ctrlandshiftande = Ctrl+Shift+E
+browsing-current-deck = Current Deck
+browsing-current-note-type = Current note type:
+browsing-delete-notes = Delete Notes
+browsing-delete-tags = Delete Tags
+browsing-duplicate = duplicate
+browsing-ease = Ease
+browsing-end = End
+browsing-enter-tags-to-add = Enter tags to add:
+browsing-enter-tags-to-delete = Enter tags to delete:
+browsing-filter = Filter...
+browsing-filtered = (filtered)
+browsing-find = <b>Find</b>:
+browsing-find-and-replace = Find and Replace
+browsing-find-duplicates = Find Duplicates
+browsing-first-card = First Card
+browsing-flag = Flag
+browsing-font = <b>Font</b>:
+browsing-font-size = <b>Font Size</b>:
+browsing-found-as-across-bs = Found %(a)s across %(b)s.
+browsing-home = Home
+browsing-ignore-case = Ignore case
+browsing-in = <b>In</b>:
+browsing-interval = Interval
+browsing-last-card = Last Card
+browsing-learning = (learning)
+browsing-line-size = <b>Line Size</b>:
+browsing-manage-note-types = Manage Note Types...
+browsing-move-cards = Move Cards
+browsing-move-cards-to-deck = Move cards to deck:
+browsing-nd-names = %(n)d: %(name)s
+browsing-new = (new)
+browsing-new-note-type = New note type:
+browsing-no-flag = No Flag
+browsing-note = Note
+browsing-notes-tagged = Notes tagged.
+browsing-nothing = Nothing
+browsing-only-new-cards-can-be-repositioned = Only new cards can be repositioned.
+browsing-optional-filter = Optional filter:
+browsing-override-back-template = Override back template:
+browsing-override-font = Override font:
+browsing-override-front-template = Override front template:
+browsing-place-at-end-of-new-card = Place at end of new card queue
+browsing-place-in-review-queue-with-interval = Place in review queue with interval between:
+browsing-please-give-your-filter-a-name = Please give your filter a name:
+browsing-please-select-cards-from-only-one = Please select cards from only one note type.
+browsing-preview-selected-card = Preview Selected Card ({ $val })
+browsing-question = Question
+browsing-queue-bottom = Queue bottom: { $val }
+browsing-queue-top = Queue top: { $val }
+browsing-randomize-order = Randomize order
+browsing-remove-current-filter = Remove Current Filter...
+browsing-remove-from-your-saved-searches = Remove { $val } from your saved searches?
+browsing-remove-tags = Remove Tags...
+browsing-replace-with = <b>Replace With</b>:
+browsing-reposition = Reposition...
+browsing-reposition-new-cards = Reposition New Cards
+browsing-reschedule = Reschedule
+browsing-save-current-filter = Save Current Filter...
+browsing-search-in = Search in:
+browsing-search-within-formatting-slow = Search within formatting (slow)
+browsing-shift-position-of-existing-cards = Shift position of existing cards
+browsing-sidebar = Sidebar
+browsing-sort-field = Sort Field
+browsing-sorting-on-this-column-is-not = Sorting on this column is not supported. Please choose another.
+browsing-start-position = Start position:
+browsing-step = Step:
+browsing-studied-today = Studied Today
+browsing-suspended = Suspended
+browsing-tag-duplicates = Tag Duplicates
+browsing-target-field = Target field:
+browsing-today = Today
+browsing-toggle-mark = Toggle Mark
+browsing-toggle-suspend = Toggle Suspend
+browsing-treat-input-as-regular-expression = Treat input as regular expression
+browsing-type-here-to-search = <type here to search; hit enter to show current deck>
+browsing-whole-collection = Whole Collection
+browsing-you-must-have-at-least-one = You must have at least one column.
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/card-templates.ftl b/rslib/ftl/card-templates.ftl
index ee8964be2..2beb4e868 100644
--- a/rslib/ftl/card-templates.ftl
+++ b/rslib/ftl/card-templates.ftl
@@ -21,3 +21,22 @@ card-templates-preview-settings = Options
 card-templates-invalid-template-number = Card template { $number } has a problem.
 card-templates-changes-saved = Changes saved.
 card-templates-discard-changes = Discard changes?
+card-templates-add-card-type = Add Card Type...
+card-templates-anki-couldnt-find-the-line-between = Anki couldn't find the line between the question and answer. Please adjust the template manually to switch the question and answer.
+card-templates-at-least-one-card-type-is = At least one card type is required.
+card-templates-browser-appearance = Browser Appearance...
+card-templates-card = Card { $val }
+card-templates-card-types = Card Types
+card-templates-card-types-for = Card Types for { $val }
+card-templates-cloze = Cloze { $val }
+card-templates-deck-override = Deck Override...
+card-templates-delete-the-as-card-type-and = Delete the '%(a)s' card type, and its %(b)s?
+card-templates-enter-deck-to-place-new = Enter deck to place new { $val } cards in, or leave blank:
+card-templates-enter-new-card-position-1 = Enter new card position (1...{ $val }):
+card-templates-flip = Flip
+card-templates-form = Form
+card-templates-off =  (off)
+card-templates-on =  (on)
+card-templates-remove-card-type = Remove Card Type...
+card-templates-rename-card-type = Rename Card Type...
+card-templates-reposition-card-type = Reposition Card Type...
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/custom-study.ftl b/rslib/ftl/custom-study.ftl
index 91c790959..7355ae166 100644
--- a/rslib/ftl/custom-study.ftl
+++ b/rslib/ftl/custom-study.ftl
@@ -1 +1,28 @@
 custom-study-must-rename-deck = Please rename the existing Custom Study deck first.
+custom-study-all-cards-in-random-order-dont = All cards in random order (don't reschedule)
+custom-study-all-review-cards-in-random-order = All review cards in random order
+custom-study-cards = cards
+custom-study-cards-from-the-deck = cards from the deck
+custom-study-choose-tags = Choose Tags
+custom-study-custom-study-session = Custom Study Session
+custom-study-due-cards-only = Due cards only
+custom-study-increase-todays-new-card-limit = Increase today's new card limit
+custom-study-increase-todays-new-card-limit-by = Increase today's new card limit by
+custom-study-increase-todays-review-card-limit = Increase today's review card limit
+custom-study-increase-todays-review-limit-by = Increase today's review limit by
+custom-study-new-cards-in-deck-over-today = New cards in deck over today limit: { $val }
+custom-study-new-cards-only = New cards only
+custom-study-no-cards-matched-the-criteria-you = No cards matched the criteria you provided.
+custom-study-ok = OK
+custom-study-preview-new-cards = Preview new cards
+custom-study-preview-new-cards-added-in-the = Preview new cards added in the last
+custom-study-require-one-or-more-of-these = Require one or more of these tags:
+custom-study-review-ahead = Review ahead
+custom-study-review-ahead-by = Review ahead by
+custom-study-review-cards-forgotten-in-last = Review cards forgotten in last
+custom-study-review-forgotten-cards = Review forgotten cards
+custom-study-reviews-due-in-deck-over-today = Reviews due in deck over today limit: { $val }
+custom-study-select = Select
+custom-study-select-tags-to-exclude = Select tags to exclude:
+custom-study-selective-study = Selective Study
+custom-study-study-by-card-state-or-tag = Study by card state or tag
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/decks.ftl b/rslib/ftl/decks.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6e263fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/decks.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+decks-add-new-deck-ctrlandn = Add New Deck (Ctrl+N)
+decks-are-you-sure-you-wish-to = Are you sure you wish to delete { $val }?
+decks-build = Build
+decks-cards-selected-by = cards selected by
+decks-create-deck = Create Deck
+decks-custom-steps-in-minutes = Custom steps (in minutes)
+decks-deck = Deck
+decks-decreasing-intervals = Decreasing intervals
+decks-delete-deck = Delete Deck
+decks-enable-second-filter = Enable second filter
+decks-filter = Filter:
+decks-filter-2 = Filter 2
+decks-get-shared = Get Shared
+decks-import-file = Import File
+decks-increasing-intervals = Increasing intervals
+decks-latest-added-first = Latest added first
+decks-limit-to = Limit to
+decks-minutes = minutes
+decks-most-lapses = Most lapses
+decks-name-for-deck = Name for deck:
+decks-new-deck-name = New deck name:
+decks-no-deck = [no deck]
+decks-oldest-seen-first = Oldest seen first
+decks-order-added = Order added
+decks-order-due = Order due
+decks-please-select-something = Please select something.
+decks-random = Random
+decks-relative-overdueness = Relative overdueness
+decks-repeat-failed-cards-after = Repeat failed cards after
+decks-reschedule-cards-based-on-my-answers = Reschedule cards based on my answers in this deck
+decks-study = Study
+decks-study-deck = Study Deck
+decks-the-provided-search-did-not-match = The provided search did not match any cards. Would you like to revise it?
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/editing.ftl b/rslib/ftl/editing.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b968bc8f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/editing.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+editing-add-media = Add Media
+editing-an-error-occurred-while-opening = An error occurred while opening { $val }
+editing-attach-picturesaudiovideo-f3 = Attach pictures/audio/video (F3)
+editing-bold-text-ctrlandb = Bold text (Ctrl+B)
+editing-cards = Cards
+editing-change-colour-f8 = Change colour (F8)
+editing-cloze-deletion-ctrlandshiftandc = Cloze deletion (Ctrl+Shift+C)
+editing-couldnt-record-audio-have-you-installed = Couldn't record audio. Have you installed 'lame'?
+editing-customize-card-templates-ctrlandl = Customize Card Templates (Ctrl+L)
+editing-customize-fields = Customize Fields
+editing-cut = Cut
+editing-edit-current = Edit Current
+editing-edit-html = Edit HTML
+editing-fields = Fields
+editing-html-editor = HTML Editor
+editing-italic-text-ctrlandi = Italic text (Ctrl+I)
+editing-jump-to-tags-with-ctrlandshiftandt = Jump to tags with Ctrl+Shift+T
+editing-latex = LaTeX
+editing-latex-equation = LaTeX equation
+editing-latex-math-env = LaTeX math env.
+editing-mathjax-block = MathJax block
+editing-mathjax-chemistry = MathJax chemistry
+editing-mathjax-inline = MathJax inline
+editing-media = Media
+editing-paste = Paste
+editing-record-audio-f5 = Record audio (F5)
+editing-remove-formatting-ctrlandr = Remove formatting (Ctrl+R)
+editing-set-foreground-colour-f7 = Set foreground colour (F7)
+editing-show-duplicates = Show Duplicates
+editing-subscript-ctrland = Subscript (Ctrl+=)
+editing-superscript-ctrlandand = Superscript (Ctrl++)
+editing-tags = Tags
+editing-to-make-a-cloze-deletion-on = To make a cloze deletion on an existing note, you need to change it to a cloze type first, via 'Notes>Change Note Type'
+editing-underline-text-ctrlandu = Underline text (Ctrl+U)
+editing-warning-cloze-deletions-will-not-work = Warning, cloze deletions will not work until you switch the type at the top to Cloze.
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/exporting.ftl b/rslib/ftl/exporting.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f22b7f0e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/exporting.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+exporting-all-decks = All Decks
+exporting-anki-20-deck = Anki 2.0 Deck
+exporting-anki-collection-package = Anki Collection Package
+exporting-anki-deck-package = Anki Deck Package
+exporting-cards-in-plain-text = Cards in Plain Text
+exporting-collection = collection
+exporting-collection-exported = Collection exported.
+exporting-couldnt-save-file = Couldn't save file: { $val }
+exporting-export = Export...
+exporting-export-format = <b>Export format</b>:
+exporting-include = <b>Include</b>:
+exporting-include-html-and-media-references = Include HTML and media references
+exporting-include-media = Include media
+exporting-include-scheduling-information = Include scheduling information
+exporting-include-tags = Include tags
+exporting-notes-in-plain-text = Notes in Plain Text
+exporting-selected-notes = Selected Notes
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/fields.ftl b/rslib/ftl/fields.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddeb41e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/fields.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+fields-add-field = Add Field
+fields-delete-field-from = Delete field from { $val }?
+fields-editing-font = Editing Font
+fields-field = Field:
+fields-field-name = Field name:
+fields-fields-for = Fields for { $val }
+fields-font = Font:
+fields-new-position-1 = New position (1...{ $val }):
+fields-notes-require-at-least-one-field = Notes require at least one field.
+fields-remember-last-input-when-adding = Remember last input when adding
+fields-reverse-text-direction-rtl = Reverse text direction (RTL)
+fields-size = Size:
+fields-sort-by-this-field-in-the = Sort by this field in the browser
+fields-that-field-name-is-already-used = That field name is already used.
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/importing.ftl b/rslib/ftl/importing.ftl
index e2917506e..969f4893d 100644
--- a/rslib/ftl/importing.ftl
+++ b/rslib/ftl/importing.ftl
@@ -1 +1,49 @@
 importing-failed-debug-info = Import failed. Debugging info:
+importing-aborted = Aborted: { $val }
+importing-added-duplicate-with-first-field = Added duplicate with first field: { $val }
+importing-allow-html-in-fields = Allow HTML in fields
+importing-anki-files-are-from-a-very = .anki files are from a very old version of Anki. You can import them with Anki 2.0, available on the Anki website.
+importing-anki2-files-are-not-directly-importable = .anki2 files are not directly importable - please import the .apkg or .zip file you have received instead.
+importing-appeared-twice-in-file = Appeared twice in file: { $val }
+importing-by-default-anki-will-detect-the = By default, Anki will detect the character between fields, such as a tab, comma, and so on. If Anki is detecting the character incorrectly, you can enter it here. Use \t to represent tab.
+importing-change = Change
+importing-colon = Colon
+importing-comma = Comma
+importing-empty-first-field = Empty first field: { $val }
+importing-field-mapping = Field mapping
+importing-field-of-file-is = Field <b>{ $val }</b> of file is:
+importing-fields-separated-by = Fields separated by: { $val }
+importing-file-version-unknown-trying-import-anyway = File version unknown, trying import anyway.
+importing-first-field-matched = First field matched: { $val }
+importing-identical = Identical
+importing-ignore-field = Ignore field
+importing-ignore-lines-where-first-field-matches = Ignore lines where first field matches existing note
+importing-ignored = <ignored>
+importing-import-even-if-existing-note-has = Import even if existing note has same first field
+importing-import-options = Import options
+importing-importing-complete = Importing complete.
+importing-invalid-file-please-restore-from-backup = Invalid file. Please restore from backup.
+importing-map-to = Map to { $val }
+importing-map-to-tags = Map to Tags
+importing-mapped-to = mapped to <b>{ $val }</b>
+importing-mapped-to-tags = mapped to <b>Tags</b>
+importing-multicharacter-separators-are-not-supported-please = Multi-character separators are not supported. Please enter one character only.
+importing-notes-added-from-file = Notes added from file: { $val }
+importing-notes-found-in-file = Notes found in file: { $val }
+importing-notes-skipped-as-theyre-already-in = Notes skipped, as they're already in your collection: { $val }
+importing-notes-that-could-not-be-imported = Notes that could not be imported as note type has changed: { $val }
+importing-notes-updated-as-file-had-newer = Notes updated, as file had newer version: { $val }
+importing-rows-had-num1d-fields-expected-num2d = '%(row)s' had %(num1)d fields, expected %(num2)d
+importing-selected-file-was-not-in-utf8 = Selected file was not in UTF-8 format. Please see the importing section of the manual.
+importing-semicolon = Semicolon
+importing-skipped = Skipped
+importing-tab = Tab
+importing-tag-modified-notes = Tag modified notes:
+importing-the-first-field-of-the-note = The first field of the note type must be mapped.
+importing-the-provided-file-is-not-a = The provided file is not a valid .apkg file.
+importing-this-file-does-not-appear-to = This file does not appear to be a valid .apkg file. If you're getting this error from a file downloaded from AnkiWeb, chances are that your download failed. Please try again, and if the problem persists, please try again with a different browser.
+importing-this-will-delete-your-existing-collection = This will delete your existing collection and replace it with the data in the file you're importing. Are you sure?
+importing-unable-to-import-from-a-readonly = Unable to import from a read-only file.
+importing-unknown-file-format = Unknown file format.
+importing-update-existing-notes-when-first-field = Update existing notes when first field matches
+importing-updated = Updated
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/media.ftl b/rslib/ftl/media.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7abb5756a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/media.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+media-error-executing = Error executing { $val }.
+media-error-running = Error running { $val }
+media-for-security-reasons-is-not = For security reasons, '{ $val }' is not allowed on cards. You can still use it by placing the command in a different package, and importing that package in the LaTeX header instead.
+media-generated-file = Generated file: { $val }
+media-have-you-installed-latex-and-dvipngdvisvgm = Have you installed latex and dvipng/dvisvgm?
+media-recordingtime = Recording...<br>Time: %0.1f
+media-sound-and-video-on-cards-will = Sound and video on cards will not function until mpv or mplayer is installed.
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/notetypes.ftl b/rslib/ftl/notetypes.ftl
index 924bf3e54..d20d7fff9 100644
--- a/rslib/ftl/notetypes.ftl
+++ b/rslib/ftl/notetypes.ftl
@@ -19,3 +19,18 @@ notetypes-cloze-name = Cloze
 notetypes-card-1-name = Card 1
 notetypes-card-2-name = Card 2
 
+notetypes-add = Add: { $val }
+notetypes-add-note-type = Add Note Type
+notetypes-cards = Cards...
+notetypes-clone = Clone: { $val }
+notetypes-copy = { $val } copy
+notetypes-create-scalable-images-with-dvisvgm = Create scalable images with dvisvgm
+notetypes-delete-this-note-type-and-all = Delete this note type and all its cards?
+notetypes-delete-this-unused-note-type = Delete this unused note type?
+notetypes-fields = Fields...
+notetypes-footer = Footer
+notetypes-header = Header
+notetypes-note-types = Note Types
+notetypes-options = Options...
+notetypes-please-add-another-note-type-first = Please add another note type first.
+notetypes-type = Type
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/preferences.ftl b/rslib/ftl/preferences.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10ee2b028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/preferences.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+preferences-anki-21-scheduler-beta = Anki 2.1 scheduler (beta)
+preferences-automatically-sync-on-profile-openclose = Automatically sync on profile open/close
+preferences-backups = Backups
+preferences-backups2 = backups
+preferences-backupsanki-will-create-a-backup-of = <html><head/><body><p><span style=" font-weight:600;">Backups</span><br/>Anki will create a backup of your collection each time it is closed.</p></body></html>
+preferences-basic = Basic
+preferences-change-deck-depending-on-note-type = Change deck depending on note type
+preferences-changes-will-take-effect-when-you = Changes will take effect when you restart Anki.
+preferences-hardware-acceleration-faster-may-cause-display = Hardware acceleration (faster, may cause display issues)
+preferences-hours-past-midnight = hours past midnight
+preferences-interface-language = Interface language:
+preferences-interrupt-current-audio-when-answering = Interrupt current audio when answering
+preferences-keep = Keep
+preferences-learn-ahead-limit = Learn ahead limit
+preferences-mins = mins
+preferences-network = Network
+preferences-next-day-starts-at = Next day starts at
+preferences-night-mode = Night mode
+preferences-note-media-is-not-backed-up = Note: Media is not backed up. Please create a periodic backup of your Anki folder to be safe.
+preferences-on-next-sync-force-changes-in = On next sync, force changes in one direction
+preferences-paste-clipboard-images-as-png = Paste clipboard images as PNG
+preferences-paste-without-shift-key-strips-formatting = Paste without shift key strips formatting
+preferences-periodically-sync-media = Periodically sync media
+preferences-please-restart-anki-to-complete-language = Please restart Anki to complete language change.
+preferences-preferences = Preferences
+preferences-scheduling = Scheduling
+preferences-show-learning-cards-with-larger-steps = Show learning cards with larger steps before reviews
+preferences-show-next-review-time-above-answer = Show next review time above answer buttons
+preferences-show-play-buttons-on-cards-with = Show play buttons on cards with audio
+preferences-show-remaining-card-count-during-review = Show remaining card count during review
+preferences-some-settings-will-take-effect-after = Some settings will take effect after you restart Anki.
+preferences-synchronisation = <b>Synchronisation</b>
+preferences-synchronizationnot-currently-enabled-click-the-sync = <b>Synchronization</b><br> Not currently enabled; click the sync button in the main window to enable.
+preferences-synchronize-audio-and-images-too = Synchronize audio and images too
+preferences-this-will-reset-any-cards-in = This will reset any cards in learning, clear filtered decks, and change the scheduler version. Proceed?
+preferences-timebox-time-limit = Timebox time limit
+preferences-user-interface-size = User interface size
+preferences-when-adding-default-to-current-deck = When adding, default to current deck
+preferences-you-can-restore-backups-via-fileswitch = You can restore backups via File>Switch Profile.
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/profiles.ftl b/rslib/ftl/profiles.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46b17545b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/profiles.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+profiles-anki-could-not-read-your-profile = Anki could not read your profile data. Window sizes and your sync login details have been forgotten.
+profiles-anki-could-not-rename-your-profile = Anki could not rename your profile because it could not rename the profile folder on disk. Please ensure you have permission to write to Documents/Anki and no other programs are accessing your profile folders, then try again.
+profiles-folder-already-exists = Folder already exists.
+profiles-open = Open
+profiles-open-backup = Open Backup...
+profiles-please-remove-the-folder-and = Please remove the folder { $val } and try again.
+profiles-profile-corrupt = Profile Corrupt
+profiles-profiles = Profiles
+profiles-quit = Quit
+profiles-user-1 = User 1
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/scheduling.ftl b/rslib/ftl/scheduling.ftl
index e639dfa9a..b41311af9 100644
--- a/rslib/ftl/scheduling.ftl
+++ b/rslib/ftl/scheduling.ftl
@@ -90,3 +90,51 @@ scheduling-how-to-custom-study = If you wish to study outside of the regular sch
 # used in scheduling-how-to-custom-study
 # "... you can use the custom study feature."
 scheduling-custom-study = custom study
+scheduling-always-include-question-side-when-replaying = Always include question side when replaying audio
+scheduling-at-least-one-step-is-required = At least one step is required.
+scheduling-automatically-play-audio = Automatically play audio
+scheduling-bury-related-new-cards-until-the = Bury related new cards until the next day
+scheduling-bury-related-reviews-until-the-next = Bury related reviews until the next day
+scheduling-days = days
+scheduling-description = Description
+scheduling-description-to-show-on-overview-screen = Description to show on overview screen, for current deck:
+scheduling-easy-bonus = Easy bonus
+scheduling-easy-interval = Easy interval
+scheduling-end = (end)
+scheduling-general = General
+scheduling-graduating-interval = Graduating interval
+scheduling-hard-interval = Hard interval
+scheduling-ignore-answer-times-longer-than = Ignore answer times longer than
+scheduling-interval-modifier = Interval modifier
+scheduling-lapses = Lapses
+scheduling-lapses2 = lapses
+scheduling-learning = Learning
+scheduling-leech-action = Leech action
+scheduling-leech-threshold = Leech threshold
+scheduling-maximum-interval = Maximum interval
+scheduling-maximum-reviewsday = Maximum reviews/day
+scheduling-minimum-interval = Minimum interval
+scheduling-mix-new-cards-and-reviews = Mix new cards and reviews
+scheduling-new-cards = New Cards
+scheduling-new-cardsday = New cards/day
+scheduling-new-interval = New interval
+scheduling-new-options-group-name = New options group name:
+scheduling-options-group = Options group:
+scheduling-order = Order
+scheduling-parent-limit = (parent limit: { $val })
+scheduling-review = Review
+scheduling-reviews = Reviews
+scheduling-seconds = seconds
+scheduling-set-all-decks-below-to = Set all decks below { $val } to this option group?
+scheduling-set-for-all-subdecks = Set for all subdecks
+scheduling-show-answer-timer = Show answer timer
+scheduling-show-new-cards-after-reviews = Show new cards after reviews
+scheduling-show-new-cards-before-reviews = Show new cards before reviews
+scheduling-show-new-cards-in-order-added = Show new cards in order added
+scheduling-show-new-cards-in-random-order = Show new cards in random order
+scheduling-starting-ease = Starting ease
+scheduling-steps-in-minutes = Steps (in minutes)
+scheduling-steps-must-be-numbers = Steps must be numbers.
+scheduling-tag-only = Tag Only
+scheduling-the-default-configuration-cant-be-removed = The default configuration can't be removed.
+scheduling-your-changes-will-affect-multiple-decks = Your changes will affect multiple decks. If you wish to change only the current deck, please add a new options group first.
diff --git a/rslib/ftl/studying.ftl b/rslib/ftl/studying.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5963d268a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rslib/ftl/studying.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+studying-again = Again
+studying-all-buried-cards = All Buried Cards
+studying-audio-5s = Audio -5s
+studying-audio-and5s = Audio +5s
+studying-buried-siblings = Buried Siblings
+studying-bury = Bury
+studying-bury-card = Bury Card
+studying-bury-note = Bury Note
+studying-card-buried = Card buried.
+studying-card-suspended = Card suspended.
+studying-card-was-a-leech = Card was a leech.
+studying-cards-will-be-automatically-returned-to = Cards will be automatically returned to their original decks after you review them.
+studying-continue = Continue
+studying-delete-note = Delete Note
+studying-deleting-this-deck-from-the-deck = Deleting this deck from the deck list will return all remaining cards to their original deck.
+studying-easy = Easy
+studying-edit = Edit
+studying-empty = Empty
+studying-finish = Finish
+studying-flag-card = Flag Card
+studying-good = Good
+studying-hard = Hard
+studying-it-has-been-suspended = It has been suspended.
+studying-manually-buried-cards = Manually Buried Cards
+studying-mark-note = Mark Note
+studying-more = More
+studying-no-cards-are-due-yet = No cards are due yet.
+studying-note-buried = Note buried.
+studying-note-suspended = Note suspended.
+studying-pause-audio = Pause Audio
+studying-please-run-toolsempty-cards = Please run Tools>Empty Cards
+studying-record-own-voice = Record Own Voice
+studying-replay-own-voice = Replay Own Voice
+studying-show-answer = Show Answer
+studying-space = Space
+studying-study-now = Study Now
+studying-suspend = Suspend
+studying-suspend-note = Suspend Note
+studying-this-is-a-special-deck-for = This is a special deck for studying outside of the normal schedule.
+studying-to-review = To Review
+studying-type-answer-unknown-field = Type answer: unknown field { $val }
+studying-unbury = Unbury
+studying-what-would-you-like-to-unbury = What would you like to unbury?
+studying-you-havent-recorded-your-voice-yet = You haven't recorded your voice yet.