diff --git a/pylib/.pylintrc b/pylib/.pylintrc
index e8b5122bd..bcd91244d 100644
--- a/pylib/.pylintrc
+++ b/pylib/.pylintrc
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ ignored-classes=
   BuryOrSuspendCardsIn,
   NoteIsDuplicateOrEmptyOut
 
+[REPORTS]
+output-format=colorized
+
 [MESSAGES CONTROL]
 disable=C,R,
   fixme,
diff --git a/pylib/anki/importing/anki2.py b/pylib/anki/importing/anki2.py
index 4cb4e9853..b5f4ca44f 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/importing/anki2.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/importing/anki2.py
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class Anki2Importer(Importer):
                     else:
                         dupesIdentical.append(note)
 
-        self.log.append(self.dst.tr(TR.IMPORTING_NOTES_FOUND_IN_FILE, val=total))
+        self.log.append(self.dst.tr.importing_notes_found_in_file(val=total))
 
         if dupesIgnored:
             self.log.append(
@@ -153,9 +153,7 @@ class Anki2Importer(Importer):
                 )
             )
         if add:
-            self.log.append(
-                self.dst.tr(TR.IMPORTING_NOTES_ADDED_FROM_FILE, val=len(add))
-            )
+            self.log.append(self.dst.tr.importing_notes_added_from_file(val=len(add)))
         if dupesIdentical:
             self.log.append(
                 self.dst.tr(
diff --git a/pylib/anki/importing/csvfile.py b/pylib/anki/importing/csvfile.py
index e4595a377..7bcd760b1 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/importing/csvfile.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/importing/csvfile.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class TextImporter(NoteImporter):
                 note = self.noteFromFields(row)
                 notes.append(note)
         except (csv.Error) as e:
-            log.append(self.col.tr(TR.IMPORTING_ABORTED, val=str(e)))
+            log.append(self.col.tr.importing_aborted(val=str(e)))
         self.log = log
         self.ignored = ignored
         self.close()
diff --git a/pylib/anki/importing/mnemo.py b/pylib/anki/importing/mnemo.py
index 5e0ca41bf..3f699799e 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/importing/mnemo.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/importing/mnemo.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from typing import cast
 
 from anki.db import DB
 from anki.importing.noteimp import ForeignCard, ForeignNote, NoteImporter
-from anki.lang import TR
 from anki.stdmodels import addBasicModel, addClozeModel
 
 
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ acq_reps+ret_reps, lapses, card_type_id from cards"""
         self.total += total
         self._addCloze(cloze)
         self.total += total
-        self.log.append(self.col.tr(TR.IMPORTING_NOTE_IMPORTED, count=self.total))
+        self.log.append(self.col.tr.importing_note_imported(count=self.total))
 
     def fields(self):
         return self._fields
diff --git a/pylib/anki/importing/noteimp.py b/pylib/anki/importing/noteimp.py
index 1865fac1d..125450bbb 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/importing/noteimp.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/importing/noteimp.py
@@ -152,16 +152,14 @@ class NoteImporter(Importer):
             # first field must exist
             if not fld0:
                 self.log.append(
-                    self.col.tr(TR.IMPORTING_EMPTY_FIRST_FIELD, val=" ".join(n.fields))
+                    self.col.tr.importing_empty_first_field(val=" ".join(n.fields))
                 )
                 continue
             csum = fieldChecksum(fld0)
             # earlier in import?
             if fld0 in firsts and self.importMode != ADD_MODE:
                 # duplicates in source file; log and ignore
-                self.log.append(
-                    self.col.tr(TR.IMPORTING_APPEARED_TWICE_IN_FILE, val=fld0)
-                )
+                self.log.append(self.col.tr.importing_appeared_twice_in_file(val=fld0))
                 continue
             firsts[fld0] = True
             # already exists?
@@ -221,15 +219,15 @@ class NoteImporter(Importer):
         if conf["new"]["order"] == NEW_CARDS_RANDOM:
             self.col.sched.randomizeCards(did)
 
-        part1 = self.col.tr(TR.IMPORTING_NOTE_ADDED, count=len(new))
-        part2 = self.col.tr(TR.IMPORTING_NOTE_UPDATED, count=self.updateCount)
+        part1 = self.col.tr.importing_note_added(count=len(new))
+        part2 = self.col.tr.importing_note_updated(count=self.updateCount)
         if self.importMode == UPDATE_MODE:
             unchanged = dupeCount - self.updateCount
         elif self.importMode == IGNORE_MODE:
             unchanged = dupeCount
         else:
             unchanged = 0
-        part3 = self.col.tr(TR.IMPORTING_NOTE_UNCHANGED, count=unchanged)
+        part3 = self.col.tr.importing_note_unchanged(count=unchanged)
         self.log.append(f"{part1}, {part2}, {part3}.")
         self.log.extend(updateLog)
         self.total = len(self._ids)
diff --git a/pylib/anki/latex.py b/pylib/anki/latex.py
index 7b6e2c0f5..217382491 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/latex.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/latex.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple
 import anki
 import anki._backend.backend_pb2 as _pb
 from anki import hooks
-from anki.lang import TR
 from anki.models import NoteType
 from anki.template import TemplateRenderContext, TemplateRenderOutput
 from anki.utils import call, isMac, namedtmp, tmpdir
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ def _save_latex_image(
         # don't mind if the sequence is only part of a command
         bad_re = f"\\{bad}[^a-zA-Z]"
         if re.search(bad_re, tmplatex):
-            return col.tr(TR.MEDIA_FOR_SECURITY_REASONS_IS_NOT, val=bad)
+            return col.tr.media_for_security_reasons_is_not(val=bad)
 
     # commands to use
     if svg:
@@ -165,8 +164,8 @@ def _save_latex_image(
 
 
 def _errMsg(col: anki.collection.Collection, type: str, texpath: str) -> Any:
-    msg = f"{col.tr(TR.MEDIA_ERROR_EXECUTING, val=type)}<br>"
-    msg += f"{col.tr(TR.MEDIA_GENERATED_FILE, val=texpath)}<br>"
+    msg = f"{col.tr.media_error_executing(val=type)}<br>"
+    msg += f"{col.tr.media_generated_file(val=texpath)}<br>"
     try:
         with open(namedtmp("latex_log.txt", rm=False)) as f:
             log = f.read()
diff --git a/pylib/anki/models.py b/pylib/anki/models.py
index 1050f9faa..2a3337b2c 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/models.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/models.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import anki  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 import anki._backend.backend_pb2 as _pb
 from anki.consts import *
 from anki.errors import NotFoundError
-from anki.lang import TR, without_unicode_isolation
+from anki.lang import without_unicode_isolation
 from anki.stdmodels import StockNotetypeKind
 from anki.utils import (
     checksum,
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class ModelManager:
         "Copy, save and return."
         m2 = copy.deepcopy(m)
         m2["name"] = without_unicode_isolation(
-            self.col.tr(TR.NOTETYPES_COPY, val=m2["name"])
+            self.col.tr.notetypes_copy(val=m2["name"])
         )
         m2["id"] = 0
         self.add(m2)
diff --git a/pylib/anki/stats.py b/pylib/anki/stats.py
index ad844305d..bd7de3e44 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/stats.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/stats.py
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ from revlog where id > ? """
         self._line(
             i,
             "Total",
-            self.col.tr(TR.STATISTICS_REVIEWS, reviews=tot),
+            self.col.tr.statistics_reviews(reviews=tot),
         )
         self._line(i, "Average", self._avgDay(tot, num, "reviews"))
         tomorrow = self.col.db.scalar(
diff --git a/pylib/tests/test_collection.py b/pylib/tests/test_collection.py
index 81d790628..90a2c462e 100644
--- a/pylib/tests/test_collection.py
+++ b/pylib/tests/test_collection.py
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ def test_translate():
         col.tr.card_template_rendering_front_side_problem()
         == "Front template has a problem:"
     )
-    assert no_uni(col.tr(TR.STATISTICS_REVIEWS, reviews=1)) == "1 review"
-    assert no_uni(col.tr(TR.STATISTICS_REVIEWS, reviews=2)) == "2 reviews"
+    assert no_uni(col.tr.statistics_reviews(reviews=1)) == "1 review"
+    assert no_uni(col.tr.statistics_reviews(reviews=2)) == "2 reviews"
 
 
 def test_db_named_args(capsys):
diff --git a/pylib/tools/rewrite_tr.py b/pylib/tools/rewrite_tr.py
index a6f7856b8..b91aa8f6c 100644
--- a/pylib/tools/rewrite_tr.py
+++ b/pylib/tools/rewrite_tr.py
@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ from re import Match
 
 import stringcase
 
-TR_REF = re.compile(r"tr\(TR.([^,)]+)\)")
+TR_REF = re.compile(r"tr\(TR.([^,) ]+),\s*([^)]+)\)")
 
 
 def repl(m: Match) -> str:
     name = m.group(1).lower()
-    return f"tr.{name}()"
+    args = m.group(2)
+    return f"tr.{name}({args})"
 
 
 def update_py(path: str) -> None:
diff --git a/qt/aqt/about.py b/qt/aqt/about.py
index b286b9d14..662b7862e 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/about.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/about.py
@@ -95,14 +95,14 @@ def show(mw: aqt.AnkiQt) -> QDialog:
     abouttext = "<center><img src='/_anki/imgs/anki-logo-thin.png'></center>"
     abouttext += f"<p>{tr.about_anki_is_a_friendly_intelligent_spaced()}"
     abouttext += f"<p>{tr.about_anki_is_licensed_under_the_agpl3()}"
-    abouttext += f"<p>{tr(TR.ABOUT_VERSION, val=versionWithBuild())}<br>"
+    abouttext += f"<p>{tr.about_version(val=versionWithBuild())}<br>"
     abouttext += ("Python %s Qt %s PyQt %s<br>") % (
         platform.python_version(),
         QT_VERSION_STR,
         PYQT_VERSION_STR,
     )
     abouttext += (
-        without_unicode_isolation(tr(TR.ABOUT_VISIT_WEBSITE, val=aqt.appWebsite))
+        without_unicode_isolation(tr.about_visit_website(val=aqt.appWebsite))
         + "</span>"
     )
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/addcards.py b/qt/aqt/addcards.py
index 0f1231d7d..6b7be39a1 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/addcards.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/addcards.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from aqt.notetypechooser import NoteTypeChooser
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.sound import av_player
 from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
     HelpPage,
     addCloseShortcut,
     askUser,
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
         else:
             sc = "Ctrl+H"
         b.setShortcut(QKeySequence(sc))
-        b.setToolTip(tr(TR.ADDING_SHORTCUT, val=shortcut(sc)))
+        b.setToolTip(tr.adding_shortcut(val=shortcut(sc)))
         qconnect(b.clicked, self.onHistory)
         b.setEnabled(False)
         self.historyButton = b
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
                 txt = htmlToTextLine(", ".join(fields))
                 if len(txt) > 30:
                     txt = f"{txt[:30]}..."
-                line = tr(TR.ADDING_EDIT, val=txt)
+                line = tr.adding_edit(val=txt)
                 line = gui_hooks.addcards_will_add_history_entry(line, note)
                 a = m.addAction(line)
                 qconnect(a.triggered, lambda b, nid=nid: self.editHistory(nid))
diff --git a/qt/aqt/addons.py b/qt/aqt/addons.py
index 607e912fd..b0294a288 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/addons.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/addons.py
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ class AddonManager:
             return True
         except OSError as e:
             showWarning(
-                tr(TR.ADDONS_UNABLE_TO_UPDATE_OR_DELETE_ADDON, val=str(e)),
+                tr.addons_unable_to_update_or_delete_addon(val=str(e)),
                 textFormat="plain",
             )
             return False
@@ -479,14 +479,12 @@ class AddonManager:
             "manifest": tr.addons_invalid_addon_manifest(),
         }
 
-        msg = messages.get(
-            result.errmsg, tr(TR.ADDONS_UNKNOWN_ERROR, val=result.errmsg)
-        )
+        msg = messages.get(result.errmsg, tr.addons_unknown_error(val=result.errmsg))
 
         if mode == "download":
-            template = tr(TR.ADDONS_ERROR_DOWNLOADING_IDS_ERRORS, id=base, error=msg)
+            template = tr.addons_error_downloading_ids_errors(id=base, error=msg)
         else:
-            template = tr(TR.ADDONS_ERROR_INSTALLING_BASES_ERRORS, base=base, error=msg)
+            template = tr.addons_error_installing_bases_errors(base=base, error=msg)
 
         return [template]
 
@@ -496,9 +494,9 @@ class AddonManager:
 
         name = result.name or base
         if mode == "download":
-            template = tr(TR.ADDONS_DOWNLOADED_FNAMES, fname=name)
+            template = tr.addons_downloaded_fnames(fname=name)
         else:
-            template = tr(TR.ADDONS_INSTALLED_NAMES, name=name)
+            template = tr.addons_installed_names(name=name)
 
         strings = [template]
 
@@ -754,7 +752,7 @@ class AddonsDialog(QDialog):
         if not addon.enabled:
             return f"{name} {tr.addons_disabled2()}"
         elif not addon.compatible():
-            return f"{name} {tr(TR.ADDONS_REQUIRES, val=self.compatible_string(addon))}"
+            return f"{name} {tr.addons_requires(val=self.compatible_string(addon))}"
 
         return name
 
@@ -849,9 +847,7 @@ class AddonsDialog(QDialog):
         selected = self.selectedAddons()
         if not selected:
             return
-        if not askUser(
-            tr(TR.ADDONS_DELETE_THE_NUMD_SELECTED_ADDON, count=len(selected))
-        ):
+        if not askUser(tr.addons_delete_the_numd_selected_addon(count=len(selected))):
             return
         for dir in selected:
             if not self.mgr.deleteAddon(dir):
@@ -1015,7 +1011,7 @@ def describe_log_entry(id_and_entry: DownloadLogEntry) -> str:
             if entry.status_code in (403, 404):
                 buf += tr.addons_invalid_code_or_addon_not_available()
             else:
-                buf += tr(TR.QT_MISC_UNEXPECTED_RESPONSE_CODE, val=entry.status_code)
+                buf += tr.qt_misc_unexpected_response_code(val=entry.status_code)
         else:
             buf += (
                 tr.addons_please_check_your_internet_connection()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/browser.py b/qt/aqt/browser.py
index 3560e69d9..17b3d1fc6 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/browser.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/browser.py
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ class Browser(QMainWindow):
         cur = len(self.model.cards)
         self.setWindowTitle(
             without_unicode_isolation(
-                tr(TR.BROWSING_WINDOW_TITLE, total=cur, selected=selected)
+                tr.browsing_window_title(total=cur, selected=selected)
             )
         )
         return selected
@@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ where id in %s"""
         remove_notes(
             mw=self.mw,
             note_ids=nids,
-            success=lambda _: tooltip(tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTE_DELETED, count=len(nids))),
+            success=lambda _: tooltip(tr.browsing_note_deleted(count=len(nids))),
         )
 
     # legacy
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ where id in %s"""
             note_ids=self.selected_notes(),
             space_separated_tags=tags,
             success=lambda out: tooltip(
-                tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTES_UPDATED, count=out.count), parent=self
+                tr.browsing_notes_updated(count=out.count), parent=self
             ),
         )
 
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ where id in %s"""
             note_ids=self.selected_notes(),
             space_separated_tags=tags,
             success=lambda out: tooltip(
-                tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTES_UPDATED, count=out.count), parent=self
+                tr.browsing_notes_updated(count=out.count), parent=self
             ),
         )
 
@@ -1482,9 +1482,9 @@ where id in %s"""
         t = ""
         groups = len(res)
         notes = sum(len(r[1]) for r in res)
-        part1 = tr(TR.BROWSING_GROUP, count=groups)
-        part2 = tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTE_COUNT, count=notes)
-        t += tr(TR.BROWSING_FOUND_AS_ACROSS_BS, part=part1, whole=part2)
+        part1 = tr.browsing_group(count=groups)
+        part2 = tr.browsing_note_count(count=notes)
+        t += tr.browsing_found_as_across_bs(part=part1, whole=part2)
         t += "<p><ol>"
         for val, nids in res:
             t += (
@@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ where id in %s"""
                             SearchNode(nids=SearchNode.IdList(ids=nids))
                         )
                     ),
-                    tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTE_COUNT, count=len(nids)),
+                    tr.browsing_note_count(count=len(nids)),
                     html.escape(val),
                 )
             )
@@ -1682,7 +1682,7 @@ class ChangeModel(QDialog):
         targets = [x["name"] for x in dst] + [tr.browsing_nothing()]
         indices = {}
         for i, x in enumerate(src):
-            l.addWidget(QLabel(tr(TR.BROWSING_CHANGE_TO, val=x["name"])), i, 0)
+            l.addWidget(QLabel(tr.browsing_change_to(val=x["name"])), i, 0)
             cb = QComboBox()
             cb.addItems(targets)
             idx = min(i, len(targets) - 1)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/clayout.py b/qt/aqt/clayout.py
index b18abf136..e6f90945c 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/clayout.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/clayout.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
         self.setupShortcuts()
         self.setWindowTitle(
             without_unicode_isolation(
-                tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_CARD_TYPES_FOR, val=self.model["name"])
+                tr.card_templates_card_types_for(val=self.model["name"])
             )
         )
         disable_help_button(self)
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
 
         cnt = self.mw.col.models.useCount(self.model)
         self.tform.changes_affect_label.setText(
-            self.col.tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_CHANGES_WILL_AFFECT_NOTES, count=cnt)
+            self.col.tr.card_templates_changes_will_affect_notes(count=cnt)
         )
 
         qconnect(tform.edit_area.textChanged, self.write_edits_to_template_and_redraw)
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
         qconnect(widg.returnPressed, self.on_search_next)
 
     def setup_cloze_number_box(self) -> None:
-        names = (tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_CLOZE, val=n) for n in self.cloze_numbers)
+        names = (tr.card_templates_cloze(val=n) for n in self.cloze_numbers)
         self.pform.cloze_number_combo.addItems(names)
         try:
             idx = self.cloze_numbers.index(self.ord + 1)
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
             card_cnt = fut.result()
 
             template = self.current_template()
-            cards = tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_CARD_COUNT, count=card_cnt)
+            cards = tr.card_templates_card_count(count=card_cnt)
             msg = tr(
                 TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_DELETE_THE_AS_CARD_TYPE_AND,
                 template=template["name"],
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
         template = self.current_template()
         current_pos = self.templates.index(template) + 1
         pos_txt = getOnlyText(
-            tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_ENTER_NEW_CARD_POSITION_1, val=n),
+            tr.card_templates_enter_new_card_position_1(val=n),
             default=str(current_pos),
         )
         if not pos_txt:
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
     def _newCardName(self) -> str:
         n = len(self.templates) + 1
         while 1:
-            name = without_unicode_isolation(tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_CARD, val=n))
+            name = without_unicode_isolation(tr.card_templates_card(val=n))
             if name not in [t["name"] for t in self.templates]:
                 break
             n += 1
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
 
     def onAddCard(self) -> None:
         cnt = self.mw.col.models.useCount(self.model)
-        txt = tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_THIS_WILL_CREATE_CARD_PROCEED, count=cnt)
+        txt = tr.card_templates_this_will_create_card_proceed(count=cnt)
         if not askUser(txt):
             return
         if not self.change_tracker.mark_schema():
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ class CardLayout(QDialog):
         d.setMinimumWidth(400)
         l = QVBoxLayout()
         lab = QLabel(
-            tr(TR.CARD_TEMPLATES_ENTER_DECK_TO_PLACE_NEW, val="%s")
+            tr.card_templates_enter_deck_to_place_new(val="%s")
             % self.current_template()["name"]
         )
         lab.setWordWrap(True)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/deck_ops.py b/qt/aqt/deck_ops.py
index 571b33519..d0eaa4eb1 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/deck_ops.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/deck_ops.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Callable, Sequence
 
 from anki.decks import DeckID
-from anki.lang import TR
 from aqt import AnkiQt, QWidget
 from aqt.main import PerformOpOptionalSuccessCallback
 from aqt.utils import getOnlyText, tooltip, tr
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ def remove_decks(
     mw.perform_op(
         lambda: mw.col.decks.remove(deck_ids),
         success=lambda out: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.BROWSING_CARDS_DELETED, count=out.count), parent=parent
+            tr.browsing_cards_deleted(count=out.count), parent=parent
         ),
     )
 
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ def reparent_decks(
     mw.perform_op(
         lambda: mw.col.decks.reparent(deck_ids=deck_ids, new_parent=new_parent),
         success=lambda out: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.BROWSING_REPARENTED_DECKS, count=out.count), parent=parent
+            tr.browsing_reparented_decks(count=out.count), parent=parent
         ),
     )
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/deckbrowser.py b/qt/aqt/deckbrowser.py
index e20960aa1..8b30494be 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/deckbrowser.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/deckbrowser.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from aqt.deck_ops import add_deck_dialog, remove_decks, rename_deck, reparent_de
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.sound import av_player
 from aqt.toolbar import BottomBar
-from aqt.utils import TR, askUser, getOnlyText, openLink, shortcut, showInfo, tr
+from aqt.utils import askUser, getOnlyText, openLink, shortcut, showInfo, tr
 
 
 class DeckBrowserBottomBar:
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ class DeckBrowser:
         drawLinks = deepcopy(self.drawLinks)
         for b in drawLinks:
             if b[0]:
-                b[0] = tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val=shortcut(b[0]))
+                b[0] = tr.actions_shortcut_key(val=shortcut(b[0]))
             buf += """
 <button title='%s' onclick='pycmd(\"%s\");'>%s</button>""" % tuple(
                 b
diff --git a/qt/aqt/deckconf.py b/qt/aqt/deckconf.py
index cd8346706..691c0798e 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/deckconf.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/deckconf.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from anki.lang import without_unicode_isolation
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
     HelpPage,
     askUser,
     disable_help_button,
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
             self.onRestore,
         )
         self.setWindowTitle(
-            without_unicode_isolation(tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS_FOR, val=self.deck["name"]))
+            without_unicode_isolation(tr.actions_options_for(val=self.deck["name"]))
         )
         disable_help_button(self)
         # qt doesn't size properly with altered fonts otherwise
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
         self.loadConfs()
 
     def setChildren(self) -> None:
-        if not askUser(tr(TR.SCHEDULING_SET_ALL_DECKS_BELOW_TO, val=self.deck["name"])):
+        if not askUser(tr.scheduling_set_all_decks_below_to(val=self.deck["name"])):
             return
         for did in self.childDids:
             deck = self.mw.col.decks.get(did)
@@ -168,7 +167,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
                 continue
             deck["conf"] = self.deck["conf"]
             self.mw.col.decks.save(deck)
-        tooltip(tr(TR.SCHEDULING_DECK_UPDATED, count=len(self.childDids)))
+        tooltip(tr.scheduling_deck_updated(count=len(self.childDids)))
 
     # Loading
     ##################################################
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
                 lim = x
             else:
                 lim = min(x, lim)
-        return tr(TR.SCHEDULING_PARENT_LIMIT, val=lim)
+        return tr.scheduling_parent_limit(val=lim)
 
     def loadConf(self) -> None:
         self.conf = self.mw.col.decks.confForDid(self.deck["id"])
diff --git a/qt/aqt/editor.py b/qt/aqt/editor.py
index dc9054f0a..26aa542fe 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/editor.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/editor.py
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ class Editor:
                         filecontents = response.content
                         content_type = response.headers.get("content-type")
         except (urllib.error.URLError, requests.exceptions.RequestException) as e:
-            error_msg = tr(TR.EDITING_AN_ERROR_OCCURRED_WHILE_OPENING, val=str(e))
+            error_msg = tr.editing_an_error_occurred_while_opening(val=str(e))
             return None
         finally:
             self.mw.progress.finish()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/emptycards.py b/qt/aqt/emptycards.py
index 3f0d7cedd..7b168f393 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/emptycards.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/emptycards.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from anki.cards import CardID
 from anki.collection import EmptyCardsReport
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import QDialog, QDialogButtonBox, qconnect
-from aqt.utils import TR, disable_help_button, restoreGeom, saveGeom, tooltip, tr
+from aqt.utils import disable_help_button, restoreGeom, saveGeom, tooltip, tr
 
 
 def show_empty_cards(mw: aqt.main.AnkiQt) -> None:
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class EmptyCardsDialog(QDialog):
                 count = fut.result()
             finally:
                 self.close()
-            tooltip(tr(TR.EMPTY_CARDS_DELETED_COUNT, cards=count))
+            tooltip(tr.empty_cards_deleted_count(cards=count))
             self.mw.reset()
 
         self.mw.taskman.run_in_background(delete, on_done)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/errors.py b/qt/aqt/errors.py
index 1bae9a867..13fff133d 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/errors.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/errors.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from markdown import markdown
 from aqt import mw
 from aqt.main import AnkiQt
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import TR, showText, showWarning, supportText, tr
+from aqt.utils import showText, showWarning, supportText, tr
 
 if not os.environ.get("DEBUG"):
 
@@ -115,4 +115,4 @@ class ErrorHandler(QObject):
         # highlight importance of first add-on:
         addons[0] = f"<b>{addons[0]}</b>"
         addons_str = ", ".join(addons)
-        return f"{tr(TR.ADDONS_POSSIBLY_INVOLVED, addons=addons_str)}\n"
+        return f"{tr.addons_possibly_involved(addons=addons_str)}\n"
diff --git a/qt/aqt/exporting.py b/qt/aqt/exporting.py
index 347083408..9ffc76d32 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/exporting.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/exporting.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from anki.decks import DeckID
 from anki.exporting import Exporter, exporters
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
     checkInvalidFilename,
     disable_help_button,
     getSaveFile,
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ class ExportDialog(QDialog):
                 f = open(file, "wb")
                 f.close()
             except OSError as e:
-                showWarning(tr(TR.EXPORTING_COULDNT_SAVE_FILE, val=str(e)))
+                showWarning(tr.exporting_couldnt_save_file(val=str(e)))
             else:
                 os.unlink(file)
 
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ class ExportDialog(QDialog):
             def exported_media(cnt: int) -> None:
                 self.mw.taskman.run_on_main(
                     lambda: self.mw.progress.update(
-                        label=tr(TR.EXPORTING_EXPORTED_MEDIA_FILE, count=cnt)
+                        label=tr.exporting_exported_media_file(count=cnt)
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -185,8 +184,8 @@ class ExportDialog(QDialog):
             self.mw.reopen()
         else:
             if self.isTextNote:
-                msg = tr(TR.EXPORTING_NOTE_EXPORTED, count=self.exporter.count)
+                msg = tr.exporting_note_exported(count=self.exporter.count)
             else:
-                msg = tr(TR.EXPORTING_CARD_EXPORTED, count=self.exporter.count)
+                msg = tr.exporting_card_exported(count=self.exporter.count)
         tooltip(msg, period=3000)
         QDialog.reject(self)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/fields.py b/qt/aqt/fields.py
index 881b65473..9fc0f35e4 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/fields.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/fields.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from aqt import AnkiQt, gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.schema_change_tracker import ChangeTracker
 from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
     HelpPage,
     askUser,
     disable_help_button,
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ class FieldDialog(QDialog):
         self.form = aqt.forms.fields.Ui_Dialog()
         self.form.setupUi(self)
         self.setWindowTitle(
-            without_unicode_isolation(tr(TR.FIELDS_FIELDS_FOR, val=self.model["name"]))
+            without_unicode_isolation(tr.fields_fields_for(val=self.model["name"]))
         )
         disable_help_button(self)
         self.form.buttonBox.button(QDialogButtonBox.Help).setAutoDefault(False)
@@ -150,8 +149,8 @@ class FieldDialog(QDialog):
             showWarning(tr.fields_notes_require_at_least_one_field())
             return
         count = self.mm.useCount(self.model)
-        c = tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTE_COUNT, count=count)
-        if not askUser(tr(TR.FIELDS_DELETE_FIELD_FROM, val=c)):
+        c = tr.browsing_note_count(count=count)
+        if not askUser(tr.fields_delete_field_from(val=c)):
             return
         if not self.change_tracker.mark_schema():
             return
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ class FieldDialog(QDialog):
     def onPosition(self, delta: int = -1) -> None:
         idx = self.currentIdx
         l = len(self.model["flds"])
-        txt = getOnlyText(tr(TR.FIELDS_NEW_POSITION_1, val=l), default=str(idx + 1))
+        txt = getOnlyText(tr.fields_new_position_1(val=l), default=str(idx + 1))
         if not txt:
             return
         try:
diff --git a/qt/aqt/filtered_deck.py b/qt/aqt/filtered_deck.py
index f2d321d07..21450e1aa 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/filtered_deck.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/filtered_deck.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.scheduling_ops import add_or_update_filtered_deck
 from aqt.theme import theme_manager
 from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
     HelpPage,
     disable_help_button,
     openHelp,
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ class FilteredDeckConfigDialog(QDialog):
         form.filter2group.setVisible(show_second)
 
         self.setWindowTitle(
-            without_unicode_isolation(tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS_FOR, val=self.deck.name))
+            without_unicode_isolation(tr.actions_options_for(val=self.deck.name))
         )
 
         gui_hooks.filtered_deck_dialog_did_load_deck(self, deck)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/find_and_replace.py b/qt/aqt/find_and_replace.py
index 791c54671..4cbbd2349 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/find_and_replace.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/find_and_replace.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import List, Optional, Sequence
 
 import aqt
-from anki.lang import TR
 from anki.notes import NoteID
 from aqt import AnkiQt, QWidget
 from aqt.qt import QDialog, Qt
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ def find_and_replace(
             match_case=match_case,
         ),
         success=lambda out: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.FINDREPLACE_NOTES_UPDATED, changed=out.count, total=len(note_ids)),
+            tr.findreplace_notes_updated(changed=out.count, total=len(note_ids)),
             parent=parent,
         ),
     )
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ def find_and_replace_tag(
             match_case=match_case,
         ),
         success=lambda out: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.FINDREPLACE_NOTES_UPDATED, changed=out.count, total=len(note_ids)),
+            tr.findreplace_notes_updated(changed=out.count, total=len(note_ids)),
             parent=parent,
         ),
     )
diff --git a/qt/aqt/importing.py b/qt/aqt/importing.py
index 6727c805a..b70d0a2f7 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/importing.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/importing.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from anki.importing.apkg import AnkiPackageImporter
 from aqt import AnkiQt, gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
     HelpPage,
     askUser,
     disable_help_button,
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ class ChangeMap(QDialog):
         n = 0
         setCurrent = False
         for field in self.model["flds"]:
-            item = QListWidgetItem(tr(TR.IMPORTING_MAP_TO, val=field["name"]))
+            item = QListWidgetItem(tr.importing_map_to(val=field["name"]))
             self.frm.fields.addItem(item)
             if current == field["name"]:
                 setCurrent = True
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ class ImportDialog(QDialog):
             d = tr.importing_colon()
         else:
             d = repr(d)
-        txt = tr(TR.IMPORTING_FIELDS_SEPARATED_BY, val=d)
+        txt = tr.importing_fields_separated_by(val=d)
         self.frm.autoDetect.setText(txt)
 
     def accept(self) -> None:
@@ -260,12 +259,12 @@ class ImportDialog(QDialog):
         self.grid.setSpacing(6)
         fields = self.importer.fields()
         for num in range(len(self.mapping)):
-            text = tr(TR.IMPORTING_FIELD_OF_FILE_IS, val=num + 1)
+            text = tr.importing_field_of_file_is(val=num + 1)
             self.grid.addWidget(QLabel(text), num, 0)
             if self.mapping[num] == "_tags":
                 text = tr.importing_mapped_to_tags()
             elif self.mapping[num]:
-                text = tr(TR.IMPORTING_MAPPED_TO, val=self.mapping[num])
+                text = tr.importing_mapped_to(val=self.mapping[num])
             else:
                 text = tr.importing_ignored()
             self.grid.addWidget(QLabel(text), num, 1)
@@ -473,7 +472,7 @@ def _replaceWithApkg(mw: aqt.AnkiQt, filename: str, backup: bool) -> None:
         ):
             mw.taskman.run_on_main(
                 lambda n=n: mw.progress.update(  # type: ignore
-                    tr(TR.IMPORTING_PROCESSED_MEDIA_FILE, count=n)
+                    tr.importing_processed_media_file(count=n)
                 )
             )
             size = z.getinfo(cStr).file_size
diff --git a/qt/aqt/main.py b/qt/aqt/main.py
index d993a88db..a1e8cee54 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/main.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/main.py
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ from aqt.sync import sync_collection, sync_login
 from aqt.taskman import TaskManager
 from aqt.theme import theme_manager
 from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
     HelpPage,
     KeyboardModifiersPressed,
     askUser,
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ class AnkiQt(QMainWindow):
             self.setupAddons(args)
             self.finish_ui_setup()
         except:
-            showInfo(tr(TR.QT_MISC_ERROR_DURING_STARTUP, val=traceback.format_exc()))
+            showInfo(tr.qt_misc_error_during_startup(val=traceback.format_exc()))
             sys.exit(1)
         # must call this after ui set up
         if self.safeMode:
@@ -944,7 +943,7 @@ class AnkiQt(QMainWindow):
     ) -> str:
         class_ = f"but {class_}"
         if key:
-            key = tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val=key)
+            key = tr.actions_shortcut_key(val=key)
         else:
             key = ""
         return """
@@ -1254,7 +1253,7 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
                 # full queue+gui reset required
                 self.reset()
 
-            tooltip(tr(TR.UNDO_ACTION_UNDONE, action=name))
+            tooltip(tr.undo_action_undone(action=name))
             gui_hooks.state_did_revert(name)
             self.update_undo_actions()
             if on_done:
@@ -1274,7 +1273,7 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
             undo_action = None
 
         if undo_action:
-            undo_action = tr(TR.UNDO_UNDO_ACTION, val=undo_action)
+            undo_action = tr.undo_undo_action(val=undo_action)
             self.form.actionUndo.setText(undo_action)
             self.form.actionUndo.setEnabled(True)
             gui_hooks.undo_state_did_change(True)
@@ -1289,7 +1288,7 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
         undo_action = status.undo
 
         if undo_action:
-            undo_action = tr(TR.UNDO_UNDO_ACTION, val=undo_action)
+            undo_action = tr.undo_undo_action(val=undo_action)
             self.form.actionUndo.setText(undo_action)
             self.form.actionUndo.setEnabled(True)
             gui_hooks.undo_state_did_change(True)
@@ -1459,8 +1458,8 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
         if devMode:
             print("clock is off; ignoring")
             return
-        diffText = tr(TR.QT_MISC_SECOND, count=diff)
-        warn = tr(TR.QT_MISC_IN_ORDER_TO_ENSURE_YOUR_COLLECTION, val="%s") % diffText
+        diffText = tr.qt_misc_second(count=diff)
+        warn = tr.qt_misc_in_order_to_ensure_your_collection(val="%s") % diffText
         showWarning(warn)
         self.app.closeAllWindows()
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/mediacheck.py b/qt/aqt/mediacheck.py
index 7e4ffcf31..deef4c47c 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/mediacheck.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/mediacheck.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, TypeVar
 import aqt
 from anki.collection import SearchNode
 from anki.errors import Interrupted
-from anki.lang import TR
 from anki.media import CheckMediaOut
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import (
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ class MediaChecker:
         if self.progress_dialog.wantCancel:
             return False
 
-        self.mw.progress.update(tr(TR.MEDIA_CHECK_CHECKED, count=count))
+        self.mw.progress.update(tr.media_check_checked(count=count))
         return True
 
     def _on_trash_files(self, fnames: Sequence[str]) -> None:
@@ -181,13 +180,13 @@ class MediaChecker:
                 remaining -= len(chunk)
                 if time.time() - last_progress >= 0.3:
                     self.mw.progress.update(
-                        tr(TR.MEDIA_CHECK_FILES_REMAINING, count=remaining)
+                        tr.media_check_files_remaining(count=remaining)
                     )
         finally:
             self.mw.progress.finish()
             self.progress_dialog = None
 
-        tooltip(tr(TR.MEDIA_CHECK_DELETE_UNUSED_COMPLETE, count=total))
+        tooltip(tr.media_check_delete_unused_complete(count=total))
 
     def _on_empty_trash(self) -> None:
         self.progress_dialog = self.mw.progress.start()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/models.py b/qt/aqt/models.py
index 20711e5f8..82d022e2a 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/models.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/models.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from anki.notes import Note
 from aqt import AnkiQt, gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
     HelpPage,
     askUser,
     disable_help_button,
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ class Models(QDialog):
 
         self.models = notetypes
         for m in self.models:
-            mUse = tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTE_COUNT, count=m.use_count)
+            mUse = tr.browsing_note_count(count=m.use_count)
             item = QListWidgetItem(f"{m.name} [{mUse}]")
             self.form.modelsList.addItem(item)
         self.form.modelsList.setCurrentRow(row)
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ class Models(QDialog):
         frm.latexHeader.setText(nt["latexPre"])
         frm.latexFooter.setText(nt["latexPost"])
         d.setWindowTitle(
-            without_unicode_isolation(tr(TR.ACTIONS_OPTIONS_FOR, val=nt["name"]))
+            without_unicode_isolation(tr.actions_options_for(val=nt["name"]))
         )
         qconnect(frm.buttonBox.helpRequested, lambda: openHelp(HelpPage.LATEX))
         restoreGeom(d, "modelopts")
@@ -232,12 +231,12 @@ class AddModel(QDialog):
         # standard models
         self.models = []
         for (name, func) in stdmodels.get_stock_notetypes(self.col):
-            item = QListWidgetItem(tr(TR.NOTETYPES_ADD, val=name))
+            item = QListWidgetItem(tr.notetypes_add(val=name))
             self.dialog.models.addItem(item)
             self.models.append((True, func))
         # add copies
         for m in sorted(self.col.models.all(), key=itemgetter("name")):
-            item = QListWidgetItem(tr(TR.NOTETYPES_CLONE, val=m["name"]))
+            item = QListWidgetItem(tr.notetypes_clone(val=m["name"]))
             self.dialog.models.addItem(item)
             self.models.append((False, m))  # type: ignore
         self.dialog.models.setCurrentRow(0)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/overview.py b/qt/aqt/overview.py
index db79db38e..b1e626543 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/overview.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/overview.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.scheduling_ops import empty_filtered_deck, rebuild_filtered_deck
 from aqt.sound import av_player
 from aqt.toolbar import BottomBar
-from aqt.utils import TR, askUserDialog, openLink, shortcut, tooltip, tr
+from aqt.utils import askUserDialog, openLink, shortcut, tooltip, tr
 
 
 class OverviewBottomBar:
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ class Overview:
         buf = ""
         for b in links:
             if b[0]:
-                b[0] = tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val=shortcut(b[0]))
+                b[0] = tr.actions_shortcut_key(val=shortcut(b[0]))
             buf += """
 <button title="%s" onclick='pycmd("%s")'>%s</button>""" % tuple(
                 b
diff --git a/qt/aqt/preferences.py b/qt/aqt/preferences.py
index 99ed7777a..31f8fd432 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/preferences.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/preferences.py
@@ -7,15 +7,7 @@ from anki.consts import newCardSchedulingLabels
 from aqt import AnkiQt
 from aqt.profiles import RecordingDriver, VideoDriver
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
-    HelpPage,
-    disable_help_button,
-    openHelp,
-    showInfo,
-    showWarning,
-    tr,
-)
+from aqt.utils import HelpPage, disable_help_button, openHelp, showInfo, showWarning, tr
 
 
 class Preferences(QDialog):
@@ -282,7 +274,7 @@ for you than the default driver, please let us know on the Anki forums."""
     def setup_video_driver(self) -> None:
         self.video_drivers = VideoDriver.all_for_platform()
         names = [
-            tr(TR.PREFERENCES_VIDEO_DRIVER, driver=video_driver_name_for_platform(d))
+            tr.preferences_video_driver(driver=video_driver_name_for_platform(d))
             for d in self.video_drivers
         ]
         self.form.video_driver.addItems(names)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/previewer.py b/qt/aqt/previewer.py
index 606cd52cd..0a5ae6838 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/previewer.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/previewer.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from aqt.qt import (
 from aqt.reviewer import replay_audio
 from aqt.sound import av_player, play_clicked_audio
 from aqt.theme import theme_manager
-from aqt.utils import TR, disable_help_button, restoreGeom, saveGeom, tr
+from aqt.utils import disable_help_button, restoreGeom, saveGeom, tr
 from aqt.webview import AnkiWebView
 
 LastStateAndMod = Tuple[str, int, int]
@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@ class Previewer(QDialog):
         )
         self._replay.setAutoDefault(False)
         self._replay.setShortcut(QKeySequence("R"))
-        self._replay.setToolTip(tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="R"))
+        self._replay.setToolTip(tr.actions_shortcut_key(val="R"))
         qconnect(self._replay.clicked, self._on_replay_audio)
 
         both_sides_button = QCheckBox(tr.qt_misc_back_side_only())
         both_sides_button.setShortcut(QKeySequence("B"))
-        both_sides_button.setToolTip(tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="B"))
+        both_sides_button.setToolTip(tr.actions_shortcut_key(val="B"))
         self.bbox.addButton(both_sides_button, QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
         self._show_both_sides = self.mw.col.get_config_bool(
             Config.Bool.PREVIEW_BOTH_SIDES
diff --git a/qt/aqt/profiles.py b/qt/aqt/profiles.py
index 02ab81c6a..4e83e611f 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/profiles.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/profiles.py
@@ -347,9 +347,7 @@ class ProfileManager:
                     os.rename(oldFolder, midFolder)
                     oldFolder = midFolder
                 else:
-                    showWarning(
-                        tr(TR.PROFILES_PLEASE_REMOVE_THE_FOLDER_AND, val=midFolder)
-                    )
+                    showWarning(tr.profiles_please_remove_the_folder_and(val=midFolder))
                     self.name = oldName
                     return
             else:
@@ -552,7 +550,7 @@ create table if not exists profiles
         code = obj[1]
         name = obj[0]
         r = QMessageBox.question(
-            None, "Anki", tr(TR.PROFILES_CONFIRM_LANG_CHOICE, lang=name), QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.No  # type: ignore
+            None, "Anki", tr.profiles_confirm_lang_choice(lang=name), QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.No  # type: ignore
         )
         if r != QMessageBox.Yes:
             return self.setDefaultLang(f.lang.currentRow())
diff --git a/qt/aqt/reviewer.py b/qt/aqt/reviewer.py
index f3cffdb4b..21e6db977 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/reviewer.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/reviewer.py
@@ -33,14 +33,7 @@ from aqt.sound import av_player, play_clicked_audio, record_audio
 from aqt.tag_ops import add_tags, remove_tags_for_notes
 from aqt.theme import theme_manager
 from aqt.toolbar import BottomBar
-from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
-    askUserDialog,
-    downArrow,
-    qtMenuShortcutWorkaround,
-    tooltip,
-    tr,
-)
+from aqt.utils import askUserDialog, downArrow, qtMenuShortcutWorkaround, tooltip, tr
 from aqt.webview import AnkiWebView
 
 
@@ -147,9 +140,9 @@ class Reviewer:
         elapsed = self.mw.col.timeboxReached()
         if elapsed:
             assert not isinstance(elapsed, bool)
-            part1 = tr(TR.STUDYING_CARD_STUDIED_IN, count=elapsed[1])
+            part1 = tr.studying_card_studied_in(count=elapsed[1])
             mins = int(round(elapsed[0] / 60))
-            part2 = tr(TR.STUDYING_MINUTE, count=mins)
+            part2 = tr.studying_minute(count=mins)
             fin = tr.studying_finish()
             diag = askUserDialog(f"{part1} {part2}", [tr.studying_continue(), fin])
             diag.setIcon(QMessageBox.Information)
@@ -445,7 +438,7 @@ class Reviewer:
                 if clozeIdx:
                     warn = tr.studying_please_run_toolsempty_cards()
                 else:
-                    warn = tr(TR.STUDYING_TYPE_ANSWER_UNKNOWN_FIELD, val=fld)
+                    warn = tr.studying_type_answer_unknown_field(val=fld)
                 return re.sub(self.typeAnsPat, warn, buf)
             else:
                 # empty field, remove type answer pattern
@@ -626,7 +619,7 @@ time = %(time)d;
 """ % dict(
             rem=self._remaining(),
             edit=tr.studying_edit(),
-            editkey=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="E"),
+            editkey=tr.actions_shortcut_key(val="E"),
             more=tr.studying_more(),
             downArrow=downArrow(),
             time=self.card.timeTaken() // 1000,
@@ -637,7 +630,7 @@ time = %(time)d;
 <span class=stattxt>%s</span><br>
 <button title="%s" id="ansbut" class="focus" onclick='pycmd("ans");'>%s</button>""" % (
             self._remaining(),
-            tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val=tr.studying_space()),
+            tr.actions_shortcut_key(val=tr.studying_space()),
             tr.studying_show_answer(),
         )
         # wrap it in a table so it has the same top margin as the ease buttons
@@ -717,7 +710,7 @@ time = %(time)d;
 %s</button></td>""" % (
                 due,
                 extra,
-                tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val=i),
+                tr.actions_shortcut_key(val=i),
                 i,
                 i,
                 label,
@@ -905,9 +898,7 @@ time = %(time)d;
         remove_notes(
             mw=self.mw,
             note_ids=[self.card.nid],
-            success=lambda _: tooltip(
-                tr(TR.STUDYING_NOTE_AND_ITS_CARD_DELETED, count=cnt)
-            ),
+            success=lambda _: tooltip(tr.studying_note_and_its_card_deleted(count=cnt)),
         )
 
     def onRecordVoice(self) -> None:
diff --git a/qt/aqt/scheduling_ops.py b/qt/aqt/scheduling_ops.py
index 053209d92..9c7402ea1 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/scheduling_ops.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/scheduling_ops.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import aqt
 from anki.cards import CardID
 from anki.collection import CARD_TYPE_NEW, Config
 from anki.decks import DeckID
-from anki.lang import TR
 from anki.notes import NoteID
 from anki.scheduler import FilteredDeckForUpdate
 from aqt import AnkiQt
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ def set_due_date_dialog(
     )
     prompt = "\n".join(
         [
-            tr(TR.SCHEDULING_SET_DUE_DATE_PROMPT, cards=len(card_ids)),
+            tr.scheduling_set_due_date_prompt(cards=len(card_ids)),
             tr.scheduling_set_due_date_prompt_hint(),
         ]
     )
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ def set_due_date_dialog(
     mw.perform_op(
         lambda: mw.col.sched.set_due_date(card_ids, days, config_key),
         success=lambda _: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.SCHEDULING_SET_DUE_DATE_DONE, cards=len(card_ids)),
+            tr.scheduling_set_due_date_done(cards=len(card_ids)),
             parent=parent,
         ),
     )
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ def forget_cards(*, mw: aqt.AnkiQt, parent: QWidget, card_ids: List[CardID]) ->
     mw.perform_op(
         lambda: mw.col.sched.schedule_cards_as_new(card_ids),
         success=lambda _: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.SCHEDULING_FORGOT_CARDS, cards=len(card_ids)), parent=parent
+            tr.scheduling_forgot_cards(cards=len(card_ids)), parent=parent
         ),
     )
 
@@ -85,8 +84,8 @@ def reposition_new_cards_dialog(
     frm = aqt.forms.reposition.Ui_Dialog()
     frm.setupUi(d)
 
-    txt = tr(TR.BROWSING_QUEUE_TOP, val=min_position)
-    txt += "\n" + tr(TR.BROWSING_QUEUE_BOTTOM, val=max_position)
+    txt = tr.browsing_queue_top(val=min_position)
+    txt += "\n" + tr.browsing_queue_bottom(val=max_position)
     frm.label.setText(txt)
 
     frm.start.selectAll()
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ def reposition_new_cards(
             shift_existing=shift_existing,
         ),
         success=lambda out: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.BROWSING_CHANGED_NEW_POSITION, count=out.count), parent=parent
+            tr.browsing_changed_new_position(count=out.count), parent=parent
         ),
     )
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/sidebar.py b/qt/aqt/sidebar.py
index 4ae1cf931..3e7ef40b8 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/sidebar.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/sidebar.py
@@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
         if (
             not update
             and name in conf
-            and not askUser(tr(TR.BROWSING_CONFIRM_SAVED_SEARCH_OVERWRITE, name=name))
+            and not askUser(tr.browsing_confirm_saved_search_overwrite(name=name))
         ):
             return
         conf[name] = search
@@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
         except KeyError:
             return
         if new_name in conf and not askUser(
-            tr(TR.BROWSING_CONFIRM_SAVED_SEARCH_OVERWRITE, name=new_name)
+            tr.browsing_confirm_saved_search_overwrite(name=new_name)
         ):
             return
         conf[new_name] = filt
diff --git a/qt/aqt/sound.py b/qt/aqt/sound.py
index a32a09a5f..70c6981cf 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/sound.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/sound.py
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ from aqt.profiles import RecordingDriver
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.taskman import TaskManager
 from aqt.utils import (
-    TR,
     disable_help_button,
     restoreGeom,
     saveGeom,
@@ -483,9 +482,9 @@ def _encode_mp3(src_wav: str, dst_mp3: str) -> None:
     try:
         retcode = retryWait(subprocess.Popen(cmd, startupinfo=startup_info(), env=env))
     except Exception as e:
-        raise Exception(tr(TR.MEDIA_ERROR_RUNNING, val=" ").join(cmd)) from e
+        raise Exception(tr.media_error_running(val=" ").join(cmd)) from e
     if retcode != 0:
-        raise Exception(tr(TR.MEDIA_ERROR_RUNNING, val=" ").join(cmd))
+        raise Exception(tr.media_error_running(val=" ").join(cmd))
 
     os.unlink(src_wav)
 
@@ -764,7 +763,7 @@ class RecordDialog(QDialog):
     def _on_timer(self) -> None:
         self._recorder.on_timer()
         duration = self._recorder.duration()
-        self.label.setText(tr(TR.MEDIA_RECORDINGTIME, secs=f"{duration:0.1f}"))
+        self.label.setText(tr.media_recordingtime(secs=f"{duration:0.1f}"))
 
     def accept(self) -> None:
         self._timer.stop()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/sync.py b/qt/aqt/sync.py
index 69a93c477..2f3350633 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/sync.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/sync.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from typing import Callable, Tuple
 
 import aqt
 from anki.errors import Interrupted, SyncError
-from anki.lang import TR, without_unicode_isolation
+from anki.lang import without_unicode_isolation
 from anki.sync import SyncOutput, SyncStatus
 from anki.utils import platDesc
 from aqt.qt import (
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ def get_id_and_pass_from_user(
     vbox = QVBoxLayout()
     info_label = QLabel(
         without_unicode_isolation(
-            tr(TR.SYNC_ACCOUNT_REQUIRED, link="https://ankiweb.net/account/register")
+            tr.sync_account_required(link="https://ankiweb.net/account/register")
         )
     )
     info_label.setOpenExternalLinks(True)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/tag_ops.py b/qt/aqt/tag_ops.py
index 5f2d3c66c..4589e60c1 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/tag_ops.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/tag_ops.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Callable, Sequence
 
 from anki.collection import OpChangesWithCount
-from anki.lang import TR
 from anki.notes import NoteID
 from aqt import AnkiQt, QWidget
 from aqt.main import PerformOpOptionalSuccessCallback
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ def clear_unused_tags(*, mw: AnkiQt, parent: QWidget) -> None:
     mw.perform_op(
         mw.col.tags.clear_unused_tags,
         success=lambda out: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.BROWSING_REMOVED_UNUSED_TAGS_COUNT, count=out.count), parent=parent
+            tr.browsing_removed_unused_tags_count(count=out.count), parent=parent
         ),
     )
 
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ def rename_tag(
 ) -> None:
     def success(out: OpChangesWithCount) -> None:
         if out.count:
-            tooltip(tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTES_UPDATED, count=out.count), parent=parent)
+            tooltip(tr.browsing_notes_updated(count=out.count), parent=parent)
         else:
             showInfo(tr.browsing_tag_rename_warning_empty(), parent=parent)
 
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ def remove_tags_for_all_notes(
     mw.perform_op(
         lambda: mw.col.tags.remove(space_separated_tags=space_separated_tags),
         success=lambda out: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTES_UPDATED, count=out.count), parent=parent
+            tr.browsing_notes_updated(count=out.count), parent=parent
         ),
     )
 
@@ -84,6 +83,6 @@ def reparent_tags(
     mw.perform_op(
         lambda: mw.col.tags.reparent(tags=tags, new_parent=new_parent),
         success=lambda out: tooltip(
-            tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTES_UPDATED, count=out.count), parent=parent
+            tr.browsing_notes_updated(count=out.count), parent=parent
         ),
     )
diff --git a/qt/aqt/toolbar.py b/qt/aqt/toolbar.py
index 4decea84d..a8bd20bce 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/toolbar.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/toolbar.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from anki.sync import SyncStatus
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.sync import get_sync_status
-from aqt.utils import TR, tr
+from aqt.utils import tr
 from aqt.webview import AnkiWebView
 
 
@@ -102,28 +102,28 @@ class Toolbar:
                 "decks",
                 tr.actions_decks(),
                 self._deckLinkHandler,
-                tip=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="D"),
+                tip=tr.actions_shortcut_key(val="D"),
                 id="decks",
             ),
             self.create_link(
                 "add",
                 tr.actions_add(),
                 self._addLinkHandler,
-                tip=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="A"),
+                tip=tr.actions_shortcut_key(val="A"),
                 id="add",
             ),
             self.create_link(
                 "browse",
                 tr.qt_misc_browse(),
                 self._browseLinkHandler,
-                tip=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="B"),
+                tip=tr.actions_shortcut_key(val="B"),
                 id="browse",
             ),
             self.create_link(
                 "stats",
                 tr.qt_misc_stats(),
                 self._statsLinkHandler,
-                tip=tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="T"),
+                tip=tr.actions_shortcut_key(val="T"),
                 id="stats",
             ),
         ]
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class Toolbar:
 
     def _create_sync_link(self) -> str:
         name = tr.qt_misc_sync()
-        title = tr(TR.ACTIONS_SHORTCUT_KEY, val="Y")
+        title = tr.actions_shortcut_key(val="Y")
         label = "sync"
         self.link_handlers[label] = self._syncLinkHandler
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/update.py b/qt/aqt/update.py
index 5be7f6686..231660259 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/update.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/update.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import aqt
 from anki.utils import platDesc, versionWithBuild
 from aqt.main import AnkiQt
 from aqt.qt import *
-from aqt.utils import TR, openLink, showText, tr
+from aqt.utils import openLink, showText, tr
 
 
 class LatestVersionFinder(QThread):
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class LatestVersionFinder(QThread):
 
 
 def askAndUpdate(mw: aqt.AnkiQt, ver: str) -> None:
-    baseStr = tr(TR.QT_MISC_ANKI_UPDATEDANKI_HAS_BEEN_RELEASED, val=ver)
+    baseStr = tr.qt_misc_anki_updatedanki_has_been_released(val=ver)
     msg = QMessageBox(mw)
     msg.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No)  # type: ignore
     msg.setIcon(QMessageBox.Information)
diff --git a/qt/aqt/utils.py b/qt/aqt/utils.py
index 2a57f82c2..44416a0ee 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/utils.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/utils.py
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ def closeTooltip() -> None:
 def checkInvalidFilename(str: str, dirsep: bool = True) -> bool:
     bad = invalidFilename(str, dirsep)
     if bad:
-        showWarning(tr(TR.QT_MISC_THE_FOLLOWING_CHARACTER_CAN_NOT_BE, val=bad))
+        showWarning(tr.qt_misc_the_following_character_can_not_be(val=bad))
         return True
     return False