diff --git a/ftl/core/browsing.ftl b/ftl/core/browsing.ftl
index bc5110291..bf408f834 100644
--- a/ftl/core/browsing.ftl
+++ b/ftl/core/browsing.ftl
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ browsing-reposition = Reposition...
 browsing-reposition-new-cards = Reposition New Cards
 browsing-reschedule = Reschedule
 browsing-save-current-filter = Save Current Filter...
+browsing-search-bar-hint = Type here and press Enter to search for cards and notes.
 browsing-search-in = Search in:
 browsing-search-within-formatting-slow = Search within formatting (slow)
 browsing-shift-position-of-existing-cards = Shift position of existing cards
@@ -101,7 +102,6 @@ browsing-today = Today
 browsing-toggle-mark = Toggle Mark
 browsing-toggle-suspend = Toggle Suspend
 browsing-treat-input-as-regular-expression = Treat input as regular expression
-browsing-type-here-to-search = <type here to search; hit enter to show current deck>
 browsing-whole-collection = Whole Collection
 browsing-you-must-have-at-least-one = You must have at least one column.
 browsing-group =
diff --git a/pylib/anki/collection.py b/pylib/anki/collection.py
index e8127a39e..e6278fafd 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/collection.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/collection.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import anki.find
 import anki.latex  # sets up hook
 import anki.template
 from anki import hooks
+from anki.backend_pb2 import SearchTerm
 from anki.cards import Card
 from anki.config import ConfigManager
 from anki.consts import *
@@ -26,18 +27,22 @@ from anki.errors import AnkiError
 from anki.media import MediaManager, media_paths_from_col_path
 from anki.models import ModelManager
 from anki.notes import Note
-from anki.rsbackend import (
+from anki.rsbackend import (  # pylint: disable=unused-import
     TR,
+    BackendNoteTypeID,
+    ConcatSeparator,
     DBError,
     FormatTimeSpanContext,
+    InvalidInput,
     Progress,
     RustBackend,
     from_json_bytes,
+    pb,
 )
 from anki.sched import Scheduler as V1Scheduler
 from anki.schedv2 import Scheduler as V2Scheduler
 from anki.tags import TagManager
-from anki.utils import devMode, ids2str, intTime
+from anki.utils import devMode, ids2str, intTime, splitFields, stripHTMLMedia
 
 ConfigBoolKey = pb.ConfigBool.Key  # pylint: disable=no-member
 
@@ -458,8 +463,8 @@ class Collection:
             )
         return self.backend.search_cards(search=query, order=mode)
 
-    def find_notes(self, query: str) -> Sequence[int]:
-        return self.backend.search_notes(query)
+    def find_notes(self, *terms: Union[str, SearchTerm]) -> Sequence[int]:
+        return self.backend.search_notes(self.build_search_string(*terms))
 
     def find_and_replace(
         self,
@@ -472,13 +477,76 @@ class Collection:
     ) -> int:
         return anki.find.findReplace(self, nids, src, dst, regex, field, fold)
 
+    # returns array of ("dupestr", [nids])
     def findDupes(self, fieldName: str, search: str = "") -> List[Tuple[Any, list]]:
-        return anki.find.findDupes(self, fieldName, search)
+        nids = self.findNotes(search, SearchTerm(field_name=fieldName))
+        # go through notes
+        vals: Dict[str, List[int]] = {}
+        dupes = []
+        fields: Dict[int, int] = {}
+
+        def ordForMid(mid):
+            if mid not in fields:
+                model = self.models.get(mid)
+                for c, f in enumerate(model["flds"]):
+                    if f["name"].lower() == fieldName.lower():
+                        fields[mid] = c
+                        break
+            return fields[mid]
+
+        for nid, mid, flds in self.db.all(
+            "select id, mid, flds from notes where id in " + ids2str(nids)
+        ):
+            flds = splitFields(flds)
+            ord = ordForMid(mid)
+            if ord is None:
+                continue
+            val = flds[ord]
+            val = stripHTMLMedia(val)
+            # empty does not count as duplicate
+            if not val:
+                continue
+            vals.setdefault(val, []).append(nid)
+            if len(vals[val]) == 2:
+                dupes.append((val, vals[val]))
+        return dupes
 
     findCards = find_cards
     findNotes = find_notes
     findReplace = find_and_replace
 
+    # Search Strings
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    def build_search_string(
+        self, *terms: Union[str, SearchTerm], negate=False, match_any=False
+    ) -> str:
+        """Helper function for the backend's search string operations.
+
+        Pass terms as strings to normalize.
+        Pass fields of backend.proto/FilterToSearchIn as valid SearchTerms.
+        Pass multiple terms to concatenate (defaults to 'and', 'or' when 'match_any=True').
+        Pass 'negate=True' to negate the end result.
+        May raise InvalidInput.
+        """
+
+        searches = []
+        for term in terms:
+            if isinstance(term, SearchTerm):
+                term = self.backend.filter_to_search(term)
+            searches.append(term)
+        if match_any:
+            sep = ConcatSeparator.OR
+        else:
+            sep = ConcatSeparator.AND
+        search_string = self.backend.concatenate_searches(sep=sep, searches=searches)
+        if negate:
+            search_string = self.backend.negate_search(search_string)
+        return search_string
+
+    def replace_search_term(self, search: str, replacement: str) -> str:
+        return self.backend.replace_search_term(search=search, replacement=replacement)
+
     # Config
     ##########################################################################
 
diff --git a/pylib/anki/find.py b/pylib/anki/find.py
index 33c3ca838..ff83d5e2e 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/find.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/find.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Set
 
 from anki.hooks import *
-from anki.utils import ids2str, splitFields, stripHTMLMedia
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from anki.collection import Collection
@@ -64,43 +63,3 @@ def fieldNames(col, downcase=True) -> List:
             if name not in fields:  # slower w/o
                 fields.add(name)
     return list(fields)
-
-
-# returns array of ("dupestr", [nids])
-def findDupes(
-    col: Collection, fieldName: str, search: str = ""
-) -> List[Tuple[Any, List]]:
-    # limit search to notes with applicable field name
-    if search:
-        search = "(" + search + ") "
-    search += '"%s:*"' % fieldName.replace('"', '"')
-    # go through notes
-    vals: Dict[str, List[int]] = {}
-    dupes = []
-    fields: Dict[int, int] = {}
-
-    def ordForMid(mid):
-        if mid not in fields:
-            model = col.models.get(mid)
-            for c, f in enumerate(model["flds"]):
-                if f["name"].lower() == fieldName.lower():
-                    fields[mid] = c
-                    break
-        return fields[mid]
-
-    for nid, mid, flds in col.db.all(
-        "select id, mid, flds from notes where id in " + ids2str(col.findNotes(search))
-    ):
-        flds = splitFields(flds)
-        ord = ordForMid(mid)
-        if ord is None:
-            continue
-        val = flds[ord]
-        val = stripHTMLMedia(val)
-        # empty does not count as duplicate
-        if not val:
-            continue
-        vals.setdefault(val, []).append(nid)
-        if len(vals[val]) == 2:
-            dupes.append((val, vals[val]))
-    return dupes
diff --git a/pylib/anki/rsbackend.py b/pylib/anki/rsbackend.py
index 493272c0b..9ef91f6a5 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/rsbackend.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/rsbackend.py
@@ -50,9 +50,6 @@ TagTreeNode = pb.TagTreeNode
 NoteType = pb.NoteType
 DeckTreeNode = pb.DeckTreeNode
 StockNoteType = pb.StockNoteType
-FilterToSearchIn = pb.FilterToSearchIn
-NamedFilter = pb.FilterToSearchIn.NamedFilter
-DupeIn = pb.FilterToSearchIn.DupeIn
 BackendNoteTypeID = pb.NoteTypeID
 ConcatSeparator = pb.ConcatenateSearchesIn.Separator
 SyncAuth = pb.SyncAuth
diff --git a/pylib/anki/tags.py b/pylib/anki/tags.py
index 5ced38aa2..c8e969568 100644
--- a/pylib/anki/tags.py
+++ b/pylib/anki/tags.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import re
 from typing import Collection, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
 
 import anki  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from anki.rsbackend import FilterToSearchIn
+from anki.collection import SearchTerm
 from anki.utils import ids2str
 
 
@@ -87,8 +87,7 @@ class TagManager:
 
     def rename_tag(self, old: str, new: str) -> int:
         "Rename provided tag, returning number of changed notes."
-        search = self.col.backend.filter_to_search(FilterToSearchIn(tag=old))
-        nids = self.col.find_notes(search)
+        nids = self.col.find_notes(SearchTerm(tag=old))
         if not nids:
             return 0
         escaped_name = re.sub(r"[*_\\]", r"\\\g<0>", old)
diff --git a/qt/.pylintrc b/qt/.pylintrc
index 608b97226..33e90dfdc 100644
--- a/qt/.pylintrc
+++ b/qt/.pylintrc
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ ignore = forms,hooks_gen.py
 
 [TYPECHECK]
 ignored-modules=win32file,pywintypes,socket,win32pipe,winrt,pyaudio
+ignored-classes=SearchTerm
 
 [REPORTS]
 output-format=colorized
diff --git a/qt/aqt/addcards.py b/qt/aqt/addcards.py
index 067290342..5a8d07607 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/addcards.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/addcards.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import aqt.deckchooser
 import aqt.editor
 import aqt.forms
 import aqt.modelchooser
+from anki.collection import SearchTerm
 from anki.consts import MODEL_CLOZE
 from anki.notes import Note
 from anki.utils import htmlToTextLine, isMac
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
     def onHistory(self) -> None:
         m = QMenu(self)
         for nid in self.history:
-            if self.mw.col.findNotes("nid:%s" % nid):
+            if self.mw.col.findNotes(SearchTerm(nid=nid)):
                 note = self.mw.col.getNote(nid)
                 fields = note.fields
                 txt = htmlToTextLine(", ".join(fields))
@@ -161,9 +162,7 @@ class AddCards(QDialog):
         m.exec_(self.historyButton.mapToGlobal(QPoint(0, 0)))
 
     def editHistory(self, nid):
-        browser = aqt.dialogs.open("Browser", self.mw)
-        browser.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().setText("nid:%d" % nid)
-        browser.onSearchActivated()
+        self.mw.browser_search(SearchTerm(nid=nid))
 
     def addNote(self, note) -> Optional[Note]:
         note.model()["did"] = self.deckChooser.selectedId()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/browser.py b/qt/aqt/browser.py
index 405caf72b..5b29e646b 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/browser.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/browser.py
@@ -13,19 +13,11 @@ from typing import List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, cast
 import aqt
 import aqt.forms
 from anki.cards import Card
-from anki.collection import Collection, ConfigBoolKey
+from anki.collection import Collection, ConfigBoolKey, InvalidInput, SearchTerm
 from anki.consts import *
 from anki.lang import without_unicode_isolation
 from anki.models import NoteType
 from anki.notes import Note
-from anki.rsbackend import (
-    BackendNoteTypeID,
-    ConcatSeparator,
-    DupeIn,
-    FilterToSearchIn,
-    InvalidInput,
-    NamedFilter,
-)
 from anki.stats import CardStats
 from anki.utils import htmlToTextLine, ids2str, isMac, isWin
 from aqt import AnkiQt, gui_hooks
@@ -193,23 +185,18 @@ class DataModel(QAbstractTableModel):
     def search(self, txt: str) -> None:
         self.beginReset()
         self.cards = []
-        exception: Optional[Exception] = None
         try:
             ctx = SearchContext(search=txt, browser=self.browser)
             gui_hooks.browser_will_search(ctx)
             if ctx.card_ids is None:
-                ctx.search = self.browser.normalize_search(ctx.search)
                 ctx.card_ids = self.col.find_cards(ctx.search, order=ctx.order)
             gui_hooks.browser_did_search(ctx)
             self.cards = ctx.card_ids
-        except Exception as e:
-            exception = e
+        except Exception as err:
+            raise err
         finally:
             self.endReset()
 
-        if exception:
-            show_invalid_search_error(exception)
-
     def reset(self):
         self.beginReset()
         self.endReset()
@@ -615,16 +602,13 @@ class Browser(QMainWindow):
     ######################################################################
 
     def setupSearch(self):
-        qconnect(self.form.searchButton.clicked, self.onSearchActivated)
         qconnect(self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().returnPressed, self.onSearchActivated)
         self.form.searchEdit.setCompleter(None)
-        self._searchPrompt = tr(TR.BROWSING_TYPE_HERE_TO_SEARCH)
-        self.form.searchEdit.addItems(
-            [self._searchPrompt] + self.mw.pm.profile["searchHistory"]
+        self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().setPlaceholderText(
+            tr(TR.BROWSING_SEARCH_BAR_HINT)
         )
-        self.search_for("is:current", self._searchPrompt)
-        # then replace text for easily showing the deck
-        self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().selectAll()
+        self.form.searchEdit.addItems(self.mw.pm.profile["searchHistory"])
+        self.search_for(self.col.build_search_string(SearchTerm(current_deck=True)), "")
         self.form.searchEdit.setFocus()
 
     # search triggered by user
@@ -632,57 +616,48 @@ class Browser(QMainWindow):
         self.editor.saveNow(self._onSearchActivated)
 
     def _onSearchActivated(self):
-        # grab search text and normalize
-        prompt = self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().text()
+        text = self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().text()
+        try:
+            normed = self.col.build_search_string(text)
+        except InvalidInput as err:
+            show_invalid_search_error(err)
+        else:
+            self.search_for(normed)
+            self.update_history()
 
-        # convert guide text before we save history
-        txt = "deck:current " if prompt == self._searchPrompt else prompt
-        self.update_history(txt)
+    def search_for(self, search: str, prompt: Optional[str] = None):
+        """Keep track of search string so that we reuse identical search when
+        refreshing, rather than whatever is currently in the search field.
+        Optionally set the search bar to a different text than the actual search.
+        """
 
-        # keep track of search string so that we reuse identical search when
-        # refreshing, rather than whatever is currently in the search field
-        self.search_for(txt)
+        self._lastSearchTxt = search
+        prompt = search if prompt == None else prompt
+        self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().setText(prompt)
+        self.search()
 
-    def update_history(self, search: str) -> None:
+    def search(self):
+        """Search triggered programmatically. Caller must have saved note first."""
+
+        try:
+            self.model.search(self._lastSearchTxt)
+        except Exception as err:
+            show_invalid_search_error(err)
+        if not self.model.cards:
+            # no row change will fire
+            self._onRowChanged(None, None)
+
+    def update_history(self):
         sh = self.mw.pm.profile["searchHistory"]
-        if search in sh:
-            sh.remove(search)
-        sh.insert(0, search)
+        if self._lastSearchTxt in sh:
+            sh.remove(self._lastSearchTxt)
+        sh.insert(0, self._lastSearchTxt)
         sh = sh[:30]
         self.form.searchEdit.clear()
         self.form.searchEdit.addItems(sh)
         self.mw.pm.profile["searchHistory"] = sh
 
-    def search_for(self, search: str, prompt: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
-        self._lastSearchTxt = search
-        self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().setText(prompt or search)
-        self.search()
-
-    # search triggered programmatically. caller must have saved note first.
-    def search(self) -> None:
-        if "is:current" in self._lastSearchTxt:
-            # show current card if there is one
-            c = self.card = self.mw.reviewer.card
-            nid = c and c.nid or 0
-            if nid:
-                search = "nid:%d" % nid
-                search = gui_hooks.default_search(search, c)
-                self.model.search(search)
-                self.focusCid(c.id)
-        else:
-            self.model.search(self._lastSearchTxt)
-
-        if not self.model.cards:
-            # no row change will fire
-            self._onRowChanged(None, None)
-
-    def normalize_search(self, search: str) -> str:
-        normed = self.col.backend.normalize_search(search)
-        self._lastSearchTxt = normed
-        self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().setText(normed)
-        return normed
-
-    def updateTitle(self):
+    def updateTitle(self) -> int:
         selected = len(self.form.tableView.selectionModel().selectedRows())
         cur = len(self.model.cards)
         self.setWindowTitle(
@@ -692,6 +667,21 @@ class Browser(QMainWindow):
         )
         return selected
 
+    def show_single_card(self, card: Optional[Card]):
+        """Try to search for the according note and select the given card."""
+
+        nid: Optional[int] = card and card.nid or 0
+        if nid:
+
+            def on_show_single_card():
+                self.card = card
+                search = self.col.build_search_string(SearchTerm(nid=nid))
+                search = gui_hooks.default_search(search, card)
+                self.search_for(search, "")
+                self.focusCid(card.id)
+
+            self.editor.saveNow(on_show_single_card)
+
     def onReset(self):
         self.sidebar.refresh()
         self.editor.setNote(None)
@@ -972,33 +962,20 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
 
         ml.popupOver(self.form.filter)
 
-    def update_search(self, *terms: str):
-        "Modify the current search string based on modified keys, then refresh."
+    def update_search(self, *terms: Union[str, SearchTerm]):
+        """Modify the current search string based on modified keys, then refresh."""
         try:
-            search = self.col.backend.concatenate_searches(
-                sep=ConcatSeparator.AND, searches=terms
-            )
+            search = self.col.build_search_string(*terms)
             mods = self.mw.app.keyboardModifiers()
             if mods & Qt.AltModifier:
-                search = self.col.backend.negate_search(search)
+                search = self.col.build_search_string(search, negate=True)
             cur = str(self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().text())
-            if cur != self._searchPrompt:
-                if mods & Qt.ControlModifier and mods & Qt.ShiftModifier:
-                    search = self.col.backend.replace_search_term(
-                        search=cur, replacement=search
-                    )
-                elif mods & Qt.ControlModifier:
-                    search = self.col.backend.concatenate_searches(
-                        # pylint: disable=no-member
-                        sep=ConcatSeparator.AND,
-                        searches=[cur, search],
-                    )
-                elif mods & Qt.ShiftModifier:
-                    search = self.col.backend.concatenate_searches(
-                        # pylint: disable=no-member
-                        sep=ConcatSeparator.OR,
-                        searches=[cur, search],
-                    )
+            if mods & Qt.ControlModifier and mods & Qt.ShiftModifier:
+                search = self.col.replace_search_term(cur, search)
+            elif mods & Qt.ControlModifier:
+                search = self.col.build_search_string(cur, search)
+            elif mods & Qt.ShiftModifier:
+                search = self.col.build_search_string(cur, search, match_any=True)
         except InvalidInput as e:
             show_invalid_search_error(e)
         else:
@@ -1016,7 +993,7 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
                 ml.addSeparator()
             else:
                 label, filter_name = row
-                ml.addItem(label, self.sidebar._named_filter(filter_name))
+                ml.addItem(label, self.sidebar._filter_func(filter_name))
         return ml
 
     def _todayFilters(self):
@@ -1024,9 +1001,19 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
         subm.addChild(
             self._simpleFilters(
                 (
-                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_ADDED_TODAY), NamedFilter.ADDED_TODAY),
-                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_STUDIED_TODAY), NamedFilter.STUDIED_TODAY),
-                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_AGAIN_TODAY), NamedFilter.AGAIN_TODAY),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_ADDED_TODAY), SearchTerm(added_in_days=1)),
+                    (
+                        tr(TR.BROWSING_STUDIED_TODAY),
+                        SearchTerm(rated=SearchTerm.Rated(days=1)),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        tr(TR.BROWSING_AGAIN_TODAY),
+                        SearchTerm(
+                            rated=SearchTerm.Rated(
+                                days=1, rating=SearchTerm.RATING_AGAIN
+                            )
+                        ),
+                    ),
                 )
             )
         )
@@ -1037,20 +1024,41 @@ QTableView {{ gridline-color: {grid} }}
         subm.addChild(
             self._simpleFilters(
                 (
-                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW), NamedFilter.NEW),
-                    (tr(TR.SCHEDULING_LEARNING), NamedFilter.LEARN),
-                    (tr(TR.SCHEDULING_REVIEW), NamedFilter.REVIEW),
-                    (tr(TR.FILTERING_IS_DUE), NamedFilter.DUE),
+                    (
+                        tr(TR.ACTIONS_NEW),
+                        SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_NEW),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        tr(TR.SCHEDULING_LEARNING),
+                        SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_LEARN),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        tr(TR.SCHEDULING_REVIEW),
+                        SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_REVIEW),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        tr(TR.FILTERING_IS_DUE),
+                        SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_DUE),
+                    ),
                     None,
-                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_SUSPENDED), NamedFilter.SUSPENDED),
-                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_BURIED), NamedFilter.BURIED),
+                    (
+                        tr(TR.BROWSING_SUSPENDED),
+                        SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_SUSPENDED),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        tr(TR.BROWSING_BURIED),
+                        SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_BURIED),
+                    ),
                     None,
-                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_RED_FLAG), NamedFilter.RED_FLAG),
-                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_ORANGE_FLAG), NamedFilter.ORANGE_FLAG),
-                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_GREEN_FLAG), NamedFilter.GREEN_FLAG),
-                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_BLUE_FLAG), NamedFilter.BLUE_FLAG),
-                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_NO_FLAG), NamedFilter.NO_FLAG),
-                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_ANY_FLAG), NamedFilter.ANY_FLAG),
+                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_RED_FLAG), SearchTerm(flag=SearchTerm.FLAG_RED)),
+                    (
+                        tr(TR.ACTIONS_ORANGE_FLAG),
+                        SearchTerm(flag=SearchTerm.FLAG_ORANGE),
+                    ),
+                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_GREEN_FLAG), SearchTerm(flag=SearchTerm.FLAG_GREEN)),
+                    (tr(TR.ACTIONS_BLUE_FLAG), SearchTerm(flag=SearchTerm.FLAG_BLUE)),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_NO_FLAG), SearchTerm(flag=SearchTerm.FLAG_NONE)),
+                    (tr(TR.BROWSING_ANY_FLAG), SearchTerm(flag=SearchTerm.FLAG_ANY)),
                 )
             )
         )
@@ -1450,7 +1458,9 @@ where id in %s"""
         tv = self.form.tableView
         tv.selectionModel().clear()
 
-        search = "nid:" + ",".join([str(x) for x in nids])
+        search = self.col.build_search_string(
+            SearchTerm(nids=SearchTerm.IdList(ids=nids))
+        )
         self.search_for(search)
 
         tv.selectAll()
@@ -1593,17 +1603,6 @@ where id in %s"""
     # Edit: finding dupes
     ######################################################################
 
-    # filter called by the editor
-    def search_dupe(self, mid: int, text: str):
-        self.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().setText(
-            self.col.backend.filter_to_search(
-                FilterToSearchIn(
-                    dupe=DupeIn(mid=BackendNoteTypeID(ntid=mid), text=text)
-                )
-            )
-        )
-        self.onSearchActivated()
-
     def onFindDupes(self):
         self.editor.saveNow(self._onFindDupes)
 
@@ -1648,7 +1647,12 @@ where id in %s"""
 
     def duplicatesReport(self, web, fname, search, frm, web_context):
         self.mw.progress.start()
-        res = self.mw.col.findDupes(fname, search)
+        try:
+            res = self.mw.col.findDupes(fname, search)
+        except InvalidInput as e:
+            self.mw.progress.finish()
+            show_invalid_search_error(e)
+            return
         if not self._dupesButton:
             self._dupesButton = b = frm.buttonBox.addButton(
                 tr(TR.BROWSING_TAG_DUPLICATES), QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole
@@ -1665,7 +1669,11 @@ where id in %s"""
             t += (
                 """<li><a href=# onclick="pycmd('%s');return false;">%s</a>: %s</a>"""
                 % (
-                    "nid:" + ",".join(str(id) for id in nids),
+                    html.escape(
+                        self.col.build_search_string(
+                            SearchTerm(nids=SearchTerm.IdList(ids=nids))
+                        )
+                    ),
                     tr(TR.BROWSING_NOTE_COUNT, count=len(nids)),
                     html.escape(val),
                 )
@@ -1761,9 +1769,10 @@ where id in %s"""
 
     def focusCid(self, cid):
         try:
-            row = self.model.cards.index(cid)
-        except:
+            row = list(self.model.cards).index(cid)
+        except ValueError:
             return
+        self.form.tableView.clearSelection()
         self.form.tableView.selectRow(row)
 
 
diff --git a/qt/aqt/customstudy.py b/qt/aqt/customstudy.py
index 416f01bfe..baa022243 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/customstudy.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/customstudy.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
 import aqt
+from anki.collection import SearchTerm
 from anki.consts import *
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import TR, disable_help_button, showInfo, showWarning, tr
@@ -159,26 +160,42 @@ class CustomStudy(QDialog):
             dyn = self.mw.col.decks.get(did)
         # and then set various options
         if i == RADIO_FORGOT:
-            dyn["terms"][0] = ["rated:%d:1" % spin, DYN_MAX_SIZE, DYN_RANDOM]
+            search = self.mw.col.build_search_string(
+                SearchTerm(
+                    rated=SearchTerm.Rated(days=spin, rating=SearchTerm.RATING_AGAIN)
+                )
+            )
+            dyn["terms"][0] = [search, DYN_MAX_SIZE, DYN_RANDOM]
             dyn["resched"] = False
         elif i == RADIO_AHEAD:
-            dyn["terms"][0] = ["prop:due<=%d" % spin, DYN_MAX_SIZE, DYN_DUE]
+            search = self.mw.col.build_search_string(SearchTerm(due_in_days=spin))
+            dyn["terms"][0] = [search, DYN_MAX_SIZE, DYN_DUE]
             dyn["resched"] = True
         elif i == RADIO_PREVIEW:
-            dyn["terms"][0] = ["is:new added:%s" % spin, DYN_MAX_SIZE, DYN_OLDEST]
+            search = self.mw.col.build_search_string(
+                SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_NEW),
+                SearchTerm(added_in_days=spin),
+            )
+            dyn["terms"][0] = [search, DYN_MAX_SIZE, DYN_OLDEST]
             dyn["resched"] = False
         elif i == RADIO_CRAM:
             type = f.cardType.currentRow()
             if type == TYPE_NEW:
-                terms = "is:new "
+                terms = self.mw.col.build_search_string(
+                    SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_NEW)
+                )
                 ord = DYN_ADDED
                 dyn["resched"] = True
             elif type == TYPE_DUE:
-                terms = "is:due "
+                terms = self.mw.col.build_search_string(
+                    SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_DUE)
+                )
                 ord = DYN_DUE
                 dyn["resched"] = True
             elif type == TYPE_REVIEW:
-                terms = "-is:new "
+                terms = self.mw.col.build_search_string(
+                    SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_NEW), negate=True
+                )
                 ord = DYN_RANDOM
                 dyn["resched"] = True
             else:
@@ -187,7 +204,9 @@ class CustomStudy(QDialog):
                 dyn["resched"] = False
             dyn["terms"][0] = [(terms + tags).strip(), spin, ord]
         # add deck limit
-        dyn["terms"][0][0] = 'deck:"%s" %s ' % (self.deck["name"], dyn["terms"][0][0])
+        dyn["terms"][0][0] = self.mw.col.build_search_string(
+            dyn["terms"][0][0], SearchTerm(deck=self.deck["name"])
+        )
         self.mw.col.decks.save(dyn)
         # generate cards
         self.created_custom_study = True
diff --git a/qt/aqt/dyndeckconf.py b/qt/aqt/dyndeckconf.py
index 6c47528a1..c9d0d6338 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/dyndeckconf.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/dyndeckconf.py
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 from typing import List, Optional
 
 import aqt
+from anki.collection import InvalidInput, SearchTerm
 from anki.lang import without_unicode_isolation
-from anki.rsbackend import InvalidInput
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import (
     TR,
@@ -47,8 +47,14 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
         self.initialSetup()
         self.loadConf()
         if search:
-            self.form.search.setText(search + " is:due")
-            self.form.search_2.setText(search + " is:new")
+            search = self.mw.col.build_search_string(
+                search, SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_DUE)
+            )
+            self.form.search.setText(search)
+            search_2 = self.mw.col.build_search_string(
+                search, SearchTerm(card_state=SearchTerm.CARD_STATE_NEW)
+            )
+            self.form.search_2.setText(search_2)
         self.form.search.selectAll()
 
         if self.mw.col.schedVer() == 1:
@@ -119,11 +125,11 @@ class DeckConf(QDialog):
             else:
                 d["delays"] = None
 
-        search = self.mw.col.backend.normalize_search(f.search.text())
+        search = self.mw.col.build_search_string(f.search.text())
         terms = [[search, f.limit.value(), f.order.currentIndex()]]
 
         if f.secondFilter.isChecked():
-            search_2 = self.mw.col.backend.normalize_search(f.search_2.text())
+            search_2 = self.mw.col.build_search_string(f.search_2.text())
             terms.append([search_2, f.limit_2.value(), f.order_2.currentIndex()])
 
         d["terms"] = terms
diff --git a/qt/aqt/editor.py b/qt/aqt/editor.py
index 4f7d980ad..f609089c9 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/editor.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/editor.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
 import aqt
 import aqt.sound
 from anki.cards import Card
+from anki.collection import SearchTerm
 from anki.consts import MODEL_CLOZE
 from anki.hooks import runFilter
 from anki.httpclient import HttpClient
@@ -537,8 +538,13 @@ class Editor:
         self.web.eval("setBackgrounds(%s);" % json.dumps(cols))
 
     def showDupes(self):
-        browser = aqt.dialogs.open("Browser", self.mw)
-        browser.search_dupe(self.note.model()["id"], self.note.fields[0])
+        self.mw.browser_search(
+            SearchTerm(
+                dupe=SearchTerm.Dupe(
+                    notetype_id=self.note.model()["id"], first_field=self.note.fields[0]
+                )
+            )
+        )
 
     def fieldsAreBlank(self, previousNote=None):
         if not self.note:
diff --git a/qt/aqt/emptycards.py b/qt/aqt/emptycards.py
index d7d0d0801..e399ce1da 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/emptycards.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/emptycards.py
@@ -66,9 +66,7 @@ class EmptyCardsDialog(QDialog):
         self._delete_button.clicked.connect(self._on_delete)
 
     def _on_note_link_clicked(self, link):
-        browser = aqt.dialogs.open("Browser", self.mw)
-        browser.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().setText(link)
-        browser.onSearchActivated()
+        self.mw.browser_search(link)
 
     def _on_delete(self):
         self.mw.progress.start()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/forms/browser.ui b/qt/aqt/forms/browser.ui
index 87335617a..ba6a48980 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/forms/browser.ui
+++ b/qt/aqt/forms/browser.ui
@@ -107,13 +107,6 @@
             </property>
            </widget>
           </item>
-          <item row="0" column="2">
-           <widget class="QPushButton" name="searchButton">
-            <property name="text">
-             <string>ACTIONS_SEARCH</string>
-            </property>
-           </widget>
-          </item>
           <item row="0" column="0">
            <widget class="QPushButton" name="filter">
             <property name="text">
@@ -158,12 +151,12 @@
           <attribute name="horizontalHeaderCascadingSectionResizes">
            <bool>false</bool>
           </attribute>
-          <attribute name="horizontalHeaderMinimumSectionSize">
-           <number>20</number>
-          </attribute>
           <attribute name="horizontalHeaderHighlightSections">
            <bool>false</bool>
           </attribute>
+          <attribute name="horizontalHeaderMinimumSectionSize">
+           <number>20</number>
+          </attribute>
           <attribute name="horizontalHeaderShowSortIndicator" stdset="0">
            <bool>true</bool>
           </attribute>
@@ -223,7 +216,7 @@
      <x>0</x>
      <y>0</y>
      <width>750</width>
-     <height>22</height>
+     <height>21</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <widget class="QMenu" name="menuEdit">
diff --git a/qt/aqt/main.py b/qt/aqt/main.py
index 8812a4cde..2653e11de 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/main.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/main.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import aqt.stats
 import aqt.toolbar
 import aqt.webview
 from anki import hooks
-from anki.collection import Collection
+from anki.collection import Collection, SearchTerm
 from anki.decks import Deck
 from anki.hooks import runHook
 from anki.lang import without_unicode_isolation
@@ -1045,7 +1045,8 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
         aqt.dialogs.open("AddCards", self)
 
     def onBrowse(self) -> None:
-        aqt.dialogs.open("Browser", self)
+        browser = aqt.dialogs.open("Browser", self)
+        browser.show_single_card(self.reviewer.card)
 
     def onEditCurrent(self):
         aqt.dialogs.open("EditCurrent", self)
@@ -1141,7 +1142,7 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
         deck = self.col.decks.current()
         if not search:
             if not deck["dyn"]:
-                search = 'deck:"%s" ' % deck["name"]
+                search = self.col.build_search_string(SearchTerm(deck=deck["name"]))
         while self.col.decks.id_for_name(
             without_unicode_isolation(tr(TR.QT_MISC_FILTERED_DECK, val=n))
         ):
@@ -1617,3 +1618,14 @@ title="%s" %s>%s</button>""" % (
 
     def serverURL(self) -> str:
         return "http://127.0.0.1:%d/" % self.mediaServer.getPort()
+
+    # Helpers for all windows
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    def browser_search(self, *terms: Union[str, SearchTerm]) -> None:
+        """Wrapper for col.build_search_string() to look up the result in the browser."""
+
+        search = self.col.build_search_string(*terms)
+        browser = aqt.dialogs.open("Browser", self)
+        browser.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().setText(search)
+        browser.onSearchActivated()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/mediacheck.py b/qt/aqt/mediacheck.py
index 092689a8d..50bf66f0e 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/mediacheck.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/mediacheck.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from concurrent.futures import Future
 from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, TypeVar
 
 import aqt
+from anki.collection import SearchTerm
 from anki.rsbackend import TR, Interrupted, ProgressKind, pb
 from aqt.qt import *
 from aqt.utils import (
@@ -145,9 +146,7 @@ class MediaChecker:
 
         if out is not None:
             nid, err = out
-            browser = aqt.dialogs.open("Browser", self.mw)
-            browser.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().setText("nid:%d" % nid)
-            browser.onSearchActivated()
+            self.mw.browser_search(SearchTerm(nid=nid))
             showText(err, type="html")
         else:
             tooltip(tr(TR.MEDIA_CHECK_ALL_LATEX_RENDERED))
diff --git a/qt/aqt/overview.py b/qt/aqt/overview.py
index 52c3ad52b..088065c95 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/overview.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/overview.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Optional
 
 import aqt
+from anki.collection import SearchTerm
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.sound import av_player
 from aqt.toolbar import BottomBar
@@ -71,8 +72,8 @@ class Overview:
         elif url == "opts":
             self.mw.onDeckConf()
         elif url == "cram":
-            deck = self.mw.col.decks.current()
-            self.mw.onCram("'deck:%s'" % deck["name"])
+            deck = self.mw.col.decks.current()["name"]
+            self.mw.onCram(self.mw.col.build_search_string(SearchTerm(deck=deck)))
         elif url == "refresh":
             self.mw.col.sched.rebuild_filtered_deck(self.mw.col.decks.selected())
             self.mw.reset()
diff --git a/qt/aqt/sidebar.py b/qt/aqt/sidebar.py
index 78eac879a..744814186 100644
--- a/qt/aqt/sidebar.py
+++ b/qt/aqt/sidebar.py
@@ -9,15 +9,9 @@ from enum import Enum
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, cast
 
 import aqt
-from anki.collection import ConfigBoolKey
+from anki.collection import ConfigBoolKey, InvalidInput, SearchTerm
 from anki.errors import DeckRenameError
-from anki.rsbackend import (
-    DeckTreeNode,
-    FilterToSearchIn,
-    InvalidInput,
-    NamedFilter,
-    TagTreeNode,
-)
+from anki.rsbackend import DeckTreeNode, TagTreeNode
 from aqt import gui_hooks
 from aqt.main import ResetReason
 from aqt.models import Models
@@ -42,6 +36,7 @@ class SidebarItemType(Enum):
     COLLECTION = 1
     CURRENT_DECK = 2
     SAVED_SEARCH = 3
+    FILTER = 3  # legacy alias for SAVED_SEARCH
     DECK = 4
     NOTETYPE = 5
     TAG = 6
@@ -466,14 +461,12 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
         item = SidebarItem(
             tr(TR.BROWSING_WHOLE_COLLECTION),
             ":/icons/collection.svg",
-            self._named_filter(NamedFilter.WHOLE_COLLECTION),
             item_type=SidebarItemType.COLLECTION,
         )
         root.addChild(item)
         item = SidebarItem(
             tr(TR.BROWSING_CURRENT_DECK),
             ":/icons/deck.svg",
-            self._named_filter(NamedFilter.CURRENT_DECK),
             item_type=SidebarItemType.CURRENT_DECK,
         )
         root.addChild(item)
@@ -499,8 +492,8 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
             item = SidebarItem(
                 name,
                 icon,
-                self._saved_filter(filt),
-                item_type=SidebarItemType.SAVED_SEARCH,
+                self._filter_func(filt),
+                item_type=SidebarItemType.FILTER,
             )
             root.addChild(item)
 
@@ -519,7 +512,7 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
                 item = SidebarItem(
                     node.name,
                     icon,
-                    self._tag_filter(head + node.name),
+                    self._filter_func(SearchTerm(tag=head + node.name)),
                     toggle_expand(),
                     not node.collapsed,
                     item_type=SidebarItemType.TAG,
@@ -551,7 +544,7 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
                 item = SidebarItem(
                     node.name,
                     icon,
-                    self._deck_filter(head + node.name),
+                    self._filter_func(SearchTerm(deck=head + node.name)),
                     toggle_expand(),
                     not node.collapsed,
                     item_type=SidebarItemType.DECK,
@@ -584,8 +577,8 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
         for nt in sorted(self.col.models.all(), key=lambda nt: nt["name"].lower()):
             item = SidebarItem(
                 nt["name"],
-                icon=icon,
-                onClick=self._note_filter(nt["name"]),
+                icon,
+                self._filter_func(SearchTerm(note=nt["name"])),
                 item_type=SidebarItemType.NOTETYPE,
                 id=nt["id"],
             )
@@ -594,7 +587,9 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
                 child = SidebarItem(
                     tmpl["name"],
                     icon,
-                    onClick=self._template_filter(nt["name"], c),
+                    self._filter_func(
+                        SearchTerm(note=nt["name"]), SearchTerm(template=c)
+                    ),
                     item_type=SidebarItemType.TEMPLATE,
                     full_name=nt["name"] + "::" + tmpl["name"],
                 )
@@ -602,34 +597,8 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
 
             root.addChild(item)
 
-    def _named_filter(self, name: "FilterToSearchIn.NamedFilterValue") -> Callable:
-        return lambda: self.browser.update_search(
-            self.col.backend.filter_to_search(FilterToSearchIn(name=name))
-        )
-
-    def _tag_filter(self, tag: str) -> Callable:
-        return lambda: self.browser.update_search(
-            self.col.backend.filter_to_search(FilterToSearchIn(tag=tag))
-        )
-
-    def _deck_filter(self, deck: str) -> Callable:
-        return lambda: self.browser.update_search(
-            self.col.backend.filter_to_search(FilterToSearchIn(deck=deck))
-        )
-
-    def _note_filter(self, note: str) -> Callable:
-        return lambda: self.browser.update_search(
-            self.col.backend.filter_to_search(FilterToSearchIn(note=note))
-        )
-
-    def _template_filter(self, note: str, template: int) -> Callable:
-        return lambda: self.browser.update_search(
-            self.col.backend.filter_to_search(FilterToSearchIn(note=note)),
-            self.col.backend.filter_to_search(FilterToSearchIn(template=template)),
-        )
-
-    def _saved_filter(self, saved: str) -> Callable:
-        return lambda: self.browser.update_search(saved)
+    def _filter_func(self, *terms: Union[str, SearchTerm]) -> Callable:
+        return lambda: self.browser.update_search(self.col.build_search_string(*terms))
 
     # Context menu actions
     ###########################
@@ -807,7 +776,7 @@ class SidebarTreeView(QTreeView):
 
     def save_current_search(self, _item=None) -> None:
         try:
-            filt = self.col.backend.normalize_search(
+            filt = self.col.build_search_string(
                 self.browser.form.searchEdit.lineEdit().text()
             )
         except InvalidInput as e:
diff --git a/rslib/backend.proto b/rslib/backend.proto
index 1488f1f61..e46026ee7 100644
--- a/rslib/backend.proto
+++ b/rslib/backend.proto
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ service BackendService {
 
   // searching
 
-  rpc FilterToSearch(FilterToSearchIn) returns (String);
+  rpc FilterToSearch(SearchTerm) returns (String);
   rpc NormalizeSearch(String) returns (String);
   rpc SearchCards(SearchCardsIn) returns (SearchCardsOut);
   rpc SearchNotes(SearchNotesIn) returns (SearchNotesOut);
@@ -765,37 +765,58 @@ message BuiltinSearchOrder {
   bool reverse = 2;
 }
 
-message FilterToSearchIn {
-  enum NamedFilter {
-    WHOLE_COLLECTION = 0;
-    CURRENT_DECK = 1;
-    ADDED_TODAY = 2;
-    STUDIED_TODAY = 3;
-    AGAIN_TODAY = 4;
-    NEW = 5;
-    LEARN = 6;
-    REVIEW = 7;
-    DUE = 8;
-    SUSPENDED = 9;
-    BURIED = 10;
-    RED_FLAG = 11;
-    ORANGE_FLAG = 12;
-    GREEN_FLAG = 13;
-    BLUE_FLAG = 14;
-    NO_FLAG = 15;
-    ANY_FLAG = 16;
+message SearchTerm {
+  message Dupe {
+    int64 notetype_id = 1;
+    string first_field = 2;
   }
-  message DupeIn {
-    NoteTypeID mid = 1;
-    string text = 2;
+  enum Flag {
+    FLAG_NONE = 0;
+    FLAG_ANY = 1;
+    FLAG_RED = 2;
+    FLAG_ORANGE = 3;
+    FLAG_GREEN = 4;
+    FLAG_BLUE = 5;
+  }
+  enum Rating {
+    RATING_ANY = 0;
+    RATING_AGAIN = 1;
+    RATING_HARD = 2;
+    RATING_GOOD = 3;
+    RATING_EASY = 4;
+    RATING_BY_RESCHEDULE = 5;
+  }
+  message Rated {
+    uint32 days = 1;
+    Rating rating = 2;
+  }
+  enum CardState {
+    CARD_STATE_NEW = 0;
+    CARD_STATE_LEARN = 1;
+    CARD_STATE_REVIEW = 2;
+    CARD_STATE_DUE = 3;
+    CARD_STATE_SUSPENDED = 4;
+    CARD_STATE_BURIED = 5;
+  }
+  message IdList {
+    repeated int64 ids = 1;
   }
   oneof filter {
-    NamedFilter name = 1;
-    string tag = 2;
-    string deck = 3;
-    string note = 4;
-    uint32 template = 5;
-    DupeIn dupe = 6;
+    string tag = 1;
+    string deck = 2;
+    string note = 3;
+    uint32 template = 4;
+    int64 nid = 5;
+    Dupe dupe = 6;
+    string field_name = 7;
+    Rated rated = 8;
+    uint32 added_in_days = 9;
+    int32 due_in_days = 10;
+    bool whole_collection = 11;
+    bool current_deck = 12;
+    Flag flag = 13;
+    CardState card_state = 14;
+    IdList nids = 15;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/rslib/src/backend/mod.rs b/rslib/src/backend/mod.rs
index aeba5294e..614d2ade2 100644
--- a/rslib/src/backend/mod.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/backend/mod.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ use crate::{
     sched::timespan::{answer_button_time, time_span},
     search::{
         concatenate_searches, negate_search, normalize_search, replace_search_term, write_nodes,
-        BoolSeparator, EaseKind, Node, SearchNode, SortMode, StateKind, TemplateKind,
+        BoolSeparator, Node, PropertyKind, RatingKind, SearchNode, SortMode, StateKind,
+        TemplateKind,
     },
     stats::studied_today,
     sync::{
@@ -262,6 +263,16 @@ impl From<pb::NoteId> for NoteID {
     }
 }
 
+impl pb::search_term::IdList {
+    fn into_id_string(self) -> String {
+        self.ids
+            .iter()
+            .map(|i| i.to_string())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(",")
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<pb::NoteTypeId> for NoteTypeID {
     fn from(ntid: pb::NoteTypeId) -> Self {
         NoteTypeID(ntid.ntid)
@@ -280,41 +291,11 @@ impl From<pb::DeckConfigId> for DeckConfID {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<pb::FilterToSearchIn> for Node<'_> {
-    fn from(msg: pb::FilterToSearchIn) -> Self {
-        use pb::filter_to_search_in::Filter;
-        use pb::filter_to_search_in::NamedFilter;
-        match msg
-            .filter
-            .unwrap_or(Filter::Name(NamedFilter::WholeCollection as i32))
-        {
-            Filter::Name(name) => {
-                match NamedFilter::from_i32(name).unwrap_or(NamedFilter::WholeCollection) {
-                    NamedFilter::WholeCollection => Node::Search(SearchNode::WholeCollection),
-                    NamedFilter::CurrentDeck => Node::Search(SearchNode::Deck("current".into())),
-                    NamedFilter::AddedToday => Node::Search(SearchNode::AddedInDays(1)),
-                    NamedFilter::StudiedToday => Node::Search(SearchNode::Rated {
-                        days: 1,
-                        ease: EaseKind::AnyAnswerButton,
-                    }),
-                    NamedFilter::AgainToday => Node::Search(SearchNode::Rated {
-                        days: 1,
-                        ease: EaseKind::AnswerButton(1),
-                    }),
-                    NamedFilter::New => Node::Search(SearchNode::State(StateKind::New)),
-                    NamedFilter::Learn => Node::Search(SearchNode::State(StateKind::Learning)),
-                    NamedFilter::Review => Node::Search(SearchNode::State(StateKind::Review)),
-                    NamedFilter::Due => Node::Search(SearchNode::State(StateKind::Due)),
-                    NamedFilter::Suspended => Node::Search(SearchNode::State(StateKind::Suspended)),
-                    NamedFilter::Buried => Node::Search(SearchNode::State(StateKind::Buried)),
-                    NamedFilter::RedFlag => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(1)),
-                    NamedFilter::OrangeFlag => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(2)),
-                    NamedFilter::GreenFlag => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(3)),
-                    NamedFilter::BlueFlag => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(4)),
-                    NamedFilter::NoFlag => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(0)),
-                    NamedFilter::AnyFlag => Node::Not(Box::new(Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(0)))),
-                }
-            }
+impl From<pb::SearchTerm> for Node<'_> {
+    fn from(msg: pb::SearchTerm) -> Self {
+        use pb::search_term::Filter;
+        use pb::search_term::Flag;
+        match msg.filter.unwrap_or(Filter::WholeCollection(true)) {
             Filter::Tag(s) => Node::Search(SearchNode::Tag(
                 escape_anki_wildcards(&s).into_owned().into(),
             )),
@@ -327,10 +308,41 @@ impl From<pb::FilterToSearchIn> for Node<'_> {
             Filter::Template(u) => {
                 Node::Search(SearchNode::CardTemplate(TemplateKind::Ordinal(u as u16)))
             }
+            Filter::Nid(nid) => Node::Search(SearchNode::NoteIDs(nid.to_string().into())),
+            Filter::Nids(nids) => Node::Search(SearchNode::NoteIDs(nids.into_id_string().into())),
             Filter::Dupe(dupe) => Node::Search(SearchNode::Duplicates {
-                note_type_id: dupe.mid.unwrap_or(pb::NoteTypeId { ntid: 0 }).into(),
-                text: dupe.text.into(),
+                note_type_id: dupe.notetype_id.into(),
+                text: dupe.first_field.into(),
             }),
+            Filter::FieldName(s) => Node::Search(SearchNode::SingleField {
+                field: escape_anki_wildcards(&s).into_owned().into(),
+                text: "*".to_string().into(),
+                is_re: false,
+            }),
+            Filter::Rated(rated) => Node::Search(SearchNode::Rated {
+                days: rated.days,
+                ease: rated.rating().into(),
+            }),
+            Filter::AddedInDays(u) => Node::Search(SearchNode::AddedInDays(u)),
+            Filter::DueInDays(i) => Node::Search(SearchNode::Property {
+                operator: "<=".to_string(),
+                kind: PropertyKind::Due(i),
+            }),
+            Filter::WholeCollection(_) => Node::Search(SearchNode::WholeCollection),
+            Filter::CurrentDeck(_) => Node::Search(SearchNode::Deck("current".into())),
+            Filter::CardState(state) => Node::Search(SearchNode::State(
+                pb::search_term::CardState::from_i32(state)
+                    .unwrap_or_default()
+                    .into(),
+            )),
+            Filter::Flag(flag) => match Flag::from_i32(flag).unwrap_or(Flag::Any) {
+                Flag::None => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(0)),
+                Flag::Any => Node::Not(Box::new(Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(0)))),
+                Flag::Red => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(1)),
+                Flag::Orange => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(2)),
+                Flag::Green => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(3)),
+                Flag::Blue => Node::Search(SearchNode::Flag(4)),
+            },
         }
     }
 }
@@ -344,6 +356,32 @@ impl From<BoolSeparatorProto> for BoolSeparator {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<pb::search_term::Rating> for RatingKind {
+    fn from(r: pb::search_term::Rating) -> Self {
+        match r {
+            pb::search_term::Rating::Again => RatingKind::AnswerButton(1),
+            pb::search_term::Rating::Hard => RatingKind::AnswerButton(2),
+            pb::search_term::Rating::Good => RatingKind::AnswerButton(3),
+            pb::search_term::Rating::Easy => RatingKind::AnswerButton(4),
+            pb::search_term::Rating::Any => RatingKind::AnyAnswerButton,
+            pb::search_term::Rating::ByReschedule => RatingKind::ManualReschedule,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<pb::search_term::CardState> for StateKind {
+    fn from(k: pb::search_term::CardState) -> Self {
+        match k {
+            pb::search_term::CardState::New => StateKind::New,
+            pb::search_term::CardState::Learn => StateKind::Learning,
+            pb::search_term::CardState::Review => StateKind::Review,
+            pb::search_term::CardState::Due => StateKind::Due,
+            pb::search_term::CardState::Suspended => StateKind::Suspended,
+            pb::search_term::CardState::Buried => StateKind::Buried,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl BackendService for Backend {
     fn latest_progress(&self, _input: Empty) -> BackendResult<pb::Progress> {
         let progress = self.progress_state.lock().unwrap().last_progress;
@@ -466,7 +504,7 @@ impl BackendService for Backend {
     // searching
     //-----------------------------------------------
 
-    fn filter_to_search(&self, input: pb::FilterToSearchIn) -> Result<pb::String> {
+    fn filter_to_search(&self, input: pb::SearchTerm) -> Result<pb::String> {
         Ok(write_nodes(&[input.into()]).into())
     }
 
diff --git a/rslib/src/search/mod.rs b/rslib/src/search/mod.rs
index ef107a94a..ba396242c 100644
--- a/rslib/src/search/mod.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/search/mod.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ mod sqlwriter;
 mod writer;
 
 pub use cards::SortMode;
-pub use parser::{EaseKind, Node, PropertyKind, SearchNode, StateKind, TemplateKind};
+pub use parser::{Node, PropertyKind, RatingKind, SearchNode, StateKind, TemplateKind};
 pub use writer::{
     concatenate_searches, negate_search, normalize_search, replace_search_term, write_nodes,
     BoolSeparator,
diff --git a/rslib/src/search/parser.rs b/rslib/src/search/parser.rs
index e9b6a377b..ee7e2909f 100644
--- a/rslib/src/search/parser.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/search/parser.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub enum SearchNode<'a> {
     NoteType(Cow<'a, str>),
     Rated {
         days: u32,
-        ease: EaseKind,
+        ease: RatingKind,
     },
     Tag(Cow<'a, str>),
     Duplicates {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub enum SearchNode<'a> {
     },
     State(StateKind),
     Flag(u8),
-    NoteIDs(&'a str),
+    NoteIDs(Cow<'a, str>),
     CardIDs(&'a str),
     Property {
         operator: String,
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pub enum PropertyKind {
     Lapses(u32),
     Ease(f32),
     Position(u32),
-    Rated(i32, EaseKind),
+    Rated(i32, RatingKind),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ pub enum TemplateKind<'a> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum EaseKind {
+pub enum RatingKind {
     AnswerButton(u8),
     AnyAnswerButton,
     ManualReschedule,
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ fn search_node_for_text_with_argument<'a>(
         "is" => parse_state(val)?,
         "did" => parse_did(val)?,
         "mid" => parse_mid(val)?,
-        "nid" => SearchNode::NoteIDs(check_id_list(val, key)?),
+        "nid" => SearchNode::NoteIDs(check_id_list(val, key)?.into()),
         "cid" => SearchNode::CardIDs(check_id_list(val, key)?),
         "re" => SearchNode::Regex(unescape_quotes(val)),
         "nc" => SearchNode::NoCombining(unescape(val)?),
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ fn parse_flag(s: &str) -> ParseResult<SearchNode> {
 fn parse_resched(s: &str) -> ParseResult<SearchNode> {
     parse_u32(s, "resched:").map(|days| SearchNode::Rated {
         days,
-        ease: EaseKind::ManualReschedule,
+        ease: RatingKind::ManualReschedule,
     })
 }
 
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ fn parse_prop(prop_clause: &str) -> ParseResult<SearchNode> {
         "rated" => parse_prop_rated(num, prop_clause)?,
         "resched" => PropertyKind::Rated(
             parse_negative_i32(num, prop_clause)?,
-            EaseKind::ManualReschedule,
+            RatingKind::ManualReschedule,
         ),
         "ivl" => PropertyKind::Interval(parse_u32(num, prop_clause)?),
         "reps" => PropertyKind::Reps(parse_u32(num, prop_clause)?),
@@ -470,9 +470,9 @@ fn parse_i64<'a>(num: &str, context: &'a str) -> ParseResult<'a, i64> {
     })
 }
 
-fn parse_answer_button<'a>(num: Option<&str>, context: &'a str) -> ParseResult<'a, EaseKind> {
+fn parse_answer_button<'a>(num: Option<&str>, context: &'a str) -> ParseResult<'a, RatingKind> {
     Ok(if let Some(num) = num {
-        EaseKind::AnswerButton(
+        RatingKind::AnswerButton(
             num.parse()
                 .map_err(|_| ())
                 .and_then(|n| if matches!(n, 1..=4) { Ok(n) } else { Err(()) })
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ fn parse_answer_button<'a>(num: Option<&str>, context: &'a str) -> ParseResult<'
                 })?,
         )
     } else {
-        EaseKind::AnyAnswerButton
+        RatingKind::AnyAnswerButton
     })
 }
 
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(parse("tag:hard")?, vec![Search(Tag("hard".into()))]);
         assert_eq!(
             parse("nid:1237123712,2,3")?,
-            vec![Search(NoteIDs("1237123712,2,3"))]
+            vec![Search(NoteIDs("1237123712,2,3".into()))]
         );
         assert_eq!(parse("is:due")?, vec![Search(State(StateKind::Due))]);
         assert_eq!(parse("flag:3")?, vec![Search(Flag(3))]);
diff --git a/rslib/src/search/sqlwriter.rs b/rslib/src/search/sqlwriter.rs
index 6921794c6..a3e009d5e 100644
--- a/rslib/src/search/sqlwriter.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/search/sqlwriter.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright: Ankitects Pty Ltd and contributors
 // License: GNU AGPL, version 3 or later; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html
 
-use super::parser::{EaseKind, Node, PropertyKind, SearchNode, StateKind, TemplateKind};
+use super::parser::{Node, PropertyKind, RatingKind, SearchNode, StateKind, TemplateKind};
 use crate::{
     card::{CardQueue, CardType},
     collection::Collection,
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ impl SqlWriter<'_> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn write_rated(&mut self, op: &str, days: i64, ease: &EaseKind) -> Result<()> {
+    fn write_rated(&mut self, op: &str, days: i64, ease: &RatingKind) -> Result<()> {
         let today_cutoff = self.col.timing_today()?.next_day_at;
         let target_cutoff_ms = (today_cutoff + 86_400 * days) * 1_000;
         let day_before_cutoff_ms = (today_cutoff + 86_400 * (days - 1)) * 1_000;
@@ -240,9 +240,9 @@ impl SqlWriter<'_> {
         .unwrap();
 
         match ease {
-            EaseKind::AnswerButton(u) => write!(self.sql, " and ease = {})", u),
-            EaseKind::AnyAnswerButton => write!(self.sql, " and ease > 0)"),
-            EaseKind::ManualReschedule => write!(self.sql, " and ease = 0)"),
+            RatingKind::AnswerButton(u) => write!(self.sql, " and ease = {})", u),
+            RatingKind::AnyAnswerButton => write!(self.sql, " and ease > 0)"),
+            RatingKind::ManualReschedule => write!(self.sql, " and ease = 0)"),
         }
         .unwrap();
 
diff --git a/rslib/src/search/writer.rs b/rslib/src/search/writer.rs
index 1715c11e3..ac4490e9e 100644
--- a/rslib/src/search/writer.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/search/writer.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::{
     decks::DeckID as DeckIDType,
     err::Result,
     notetype::NoteTypeID as NoteTypeIDType,
-    search::parser::{parse, EaseKind, Node, PropertyKind, SearchNode, StateKind, TemplateKind},
+    search::parser::{parse, Node, PropertyKind, RatingKind, SearchNode, StateKind, TemplateKind},
 };
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use std::mem;
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ fn write_template(template: &TemplateKind) -> String {
     }
 }
 
-fn write_rated(days: &u32, ease: &EaseKind) -> String {
-    use EaseKind::*;
+fn write_rated(days: &u32, ease: &RatingKind) -> String {
+    use RatingKind::*;
     match ease {
         AnswerButton(n) => format!("\"rated:{}:{}\"", days, n),
         AnyAnswerButton => format!("\"rated:{}\"", days),
@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ fn write_property(operator: &str, kind: &PropertyKind) -> String {
         Ease(f) => format!("\"prop:ease{}{}\"", operator, f),
         Position(u) => format!("\"prop:pos{}{}\"", operator, u),
         Rated(u, ease) => match ease {
-            EaseKind::AnswerButton(val) => format!("\"prop:rated{}{}:{}\"", operator, u, val),
-            EaseKind::AnyAnswerButton => format!("\"prop:rated{}{}\"", operator, u),
-            EaseKind::ManualReschedule => format!("\"prop:resched{}{}\"", operator, u),
+            RatingKind::AnswerButton(val) => format!("\"prop:rated{}{}:{}\"", operator, u, val),
+            RatingKind::AnyAnswerButton => format!("\"prop:rated{}{}\"", operator, u),
+            RatingKind::ManualReschedule => format!("\"prop:resched{}{}\"", operator, u),
         },
     }
 }