diff --git a/rslib/src/card.rs b/rslib/src/card.rs
index f84aa33ec..d23f2532b 100644
--- a/rslib/src/card.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/card.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl Collection {
             return Err(AnkiError::invalid_input("card id not set"));
         }
         card.mtime = TimestampSecs::now();
-        card.usn = self.storage.usn()?;
+        card.usn = self.usn()?;
         self.storage.update_card(card)
     }
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl Collection {
             return Err(AnkiError::invalid_input("card id already set"));
         }
         card.mtime = TimestampSecs::now();
-        card.usn = self.storage.usn()?;
+        card.usn = self.usn()?;
         self.storage.add_card(card)
     }
 }
diff --git a/rslib/src/collection.rs b/rslib/src/collection.rs
index 5c5797385..4f5c621e5 100644
--- a/rslib/src/collection.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/collection.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use crate::err::{AnkiError, Result};
 use crate::i18n::I18n;
 use crate::log::Logger;
 use crate::timestamp::TimestampSecs;
+use crate::types::Usn;
 use crate::{sched::cutoff::SchedTimingToday, storage::SqliteStorage};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ pub fn open_collection<P: Into<PathBuf>>(
     log: Logger,
 ) -> Result<Collection> {
     let col_path = path.into();
-    let storage = SqliteStorage::open_or_create(&col_path, server)?;
+    let storage = SqliteStorage::open_or_create(&col_path)?;
 
     let col = Collection {
         storage,
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ pub fn open_collection<P: Into<PathBuf>>(
         media_db: media_db.into(),
         i18n,
         log,
+        server,
         state: CollectionState::default(),
     };
 
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ pub struct Collection {
     pub(crate) media_db: PathBuf,
     pub(crate) i18n: I18n,
     pub(crate) log: Logger,
+    pub(crate) server: bool,
     state: CollectionState,
 }
 
@@ -115,10 +118,15 @@ impl Collection {
     pub fn timing_today(&mut self) -> Result<SchedTimingToday> {
         if let Some(timing) = &self.state.timing_today {
             if timing.next_day_at > TimestampSecs::now().0 {
-                return Ok(timing.clone());
+                return Ok(*timing);
             }
         }
-        self.state.timing_today = Some(self.storage.timing_today()?);
+        self.state.timing_today = Some(self.storage.timing_today(self.server)?);
         Ok(self.state.timing_today.clone().unwrap())
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn usn(&self) -> Result<Usn> {
+        // if we cache this in the future, must make sure to invalidate cache when usn bumped in sync.finish()
+        self.storage.usn(self.server)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/rslib/src/storage/card/mod.rs b/rslib/src/storage/card/mod.rs
index e3afe74c0..89d45fcd0 100644
--- a/rslib/src/storage/card/mod.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/storage/card/mod.rs
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn add_card() {
-        let storage = SqliteStorage::open_or_create(Path::new(":memory:"), false).unwrap();
+        let storage = SqliteStorage::open_or_create(Path::new(":memory:")).unwrap();
         let mut card = Card::default();
         storage.add_card(&mut card).unwrap();
         let id1 = card.id;
diff --git a/rslib/src/storage/sqlite.rs b/rslib/src/storage/sqlite.rs
index 9a6911994..0a3aad607 100644
--- a/rslib/src/storage/sqlite.rs
+++ b/rslib/src/storage/sqlite.rs
@@ -18,11 +18,7 @@ use crate::{
 use regex::Regex;
 use rusqlite::{functions::FunctionFlags, params, Connection, NO_PARAMS};
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
-use std::{
-    borrow::Cow,
-    collections::HashMap,
-    path::{Path, PathBuf},
-};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::HashMap, path::Path};
 use unicase::UniCase;
 
 const SCHEMA_MIN_VERSION: u8 = 11;
@@ -37,12 +33,6 @@ fn unicase_compare(s1: &str, s2: &str) -> Ordering {
 pub struct SqliteStorage {
     // currently crate-visible for dbproxy
     pub(crate) db: Connection,
-
-    server: bool,
-    usn: Option<Usn>,
-
-    // fixme: stored in wrong location?
-    path: PathBuf,
 }
 
 fn open_or_create_collection_db(path: &Path) -> Result<Connection> {
@@ -166,7 +156,7 @@ fn trace(s: &str) {
 }
 
 impl SqliteStorage {
-    pub(crate) fn open_or_create(path: &Path, server: bool) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub(crate) fn open_or_create(path: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
         let db = open_or_create_collection_db(path)?;
 
         let (create, ver) = schema_version(&db)?;
@@ -193,12 +183,7 @@ impl SqliteStorage {
             }
         };
 
-        let storage = Self {
-            db,
-            path: path.to_owned(),
-            server,
-            usn: None,
-        };
+        let storage = Self { db };
 
         Ok(storage)
     }
@@ -258,6 +243,8 @@ impl SqliteStorage {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    //////////////////////////////////////////
+
     pub(crate) fn mark_modified(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.db
             .prepare_cached("update col set mod=?")?
@@ -265,16 +252,12 @@ impl SqliteStorage {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn usn(&mut self) -> Result<Usn> {
-        if self.server {
-            if self.usn.is_none() {
-                self.usn = Some(
-                    self.db
-                        .prepare_cached("select usn from col")?
-                        .query_row(NO_PARAMS, |row| row.get(0))?,
-                );
-            }
-            Ok(self.usn.clone().unwrap())
+    pub(crate) fn usn(&self, server: bool) -> Result<Usn> {
+        if server {
+            Ok(Usn(self
+                .db
+                .prepare_cached("select usn from col")?
+                .query_row(NO_PARAMS, |row| row.get(0))?))
         } else {
             Ok(Usn(-1))
         }
@@ -310,13 +293,13 @@ impl SqliteStorage {
         Ok(note_types)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn timing_today(&self) -> Result<SchedTimingToday> {
+    pub(crate) fn timing_today(&self, server: bool) -> Result<SchedTimingToday> {
         let crt: i64 = self
             .db
             .prepare_cached("select crt from col")?
             .query_row(NO_PARAMS, |row| row.get(0))?;
         let conf = self.all_config()?;
-        let now_offset = if self.server { conf.local_offset } else { None };
+        let now_offset = if server { conf.local_offset } else { None };
 
         Ok(sched_timing_today(
             crt,