You need to have the python-pyqt development packages installed (specifically,
you need the binary pyuic4). 

To use the development version:
$ mkdir anki
$ cd anki
$ git clone git://ichi2.net/libanki
$ git clone git://ichi2.net/ankiqt
$ cd ankiqt; ./tools/build_ui.sh
$ cd ankiqt; ../tools/translate.sh
$ cd ../../libanki/anki; ../tools/translate.sh

And now you're ready to run Anki:
$ cd ../../ankiqt; ./anki