You need to have the python-pyqt development packages installed (specifically,
you need the binary pyuic4). 

To use the development version:
$ git clone git://ichi2.net/libanki
$ git clone git://ichi2.net/ankiqt
$ cd libanki
$ ./tools/translate.sh
$ cd ../ankiqt
$ ./tools/build_ui.sh
$ ./tools/translate.sh

And now you're ready to run Anki:
$ ./anki